The increased levels of NGF and GAP43 proteins can induce sympathetic nerve hyperinnervation in the LSG and the LA after MI. The increased GAP43 proteins in the LA, which may have been transported from the LSG, accelerated LA sympathetic neural remodeling in rats.
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide inhibits the development of atherosclerosis (AS) in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can prevent AS progression through repairing proatherogenic factors impaired endothelium. In the present study, we examined the effect of reverse D-4F, one of apoA-I mimetic peptide on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of mouse bone marrow-derived late EPCs. The present study showed that reverse D-4F (10-100 μg/ml) significantly improved the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of EPCs in a dose-dependent manner, and activated phospho-AKT at serine residue 473 and phospho-eNOS at serine residue 1177. LY294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor) and L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) significantly inhibited reverse D-4F mediated improvement of EPCs biological functions, and LY294002 significantly decreased reverse D-4F stimulated activation of phospho-AKT (473) and phospho-eNOS (1177). The results indicate that reverse D-4F mediated improvement of EPCs functions is dependent on the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway.
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