Perchlorate is a well-known thyroid-disrupting chemical as well as an extremely stable inorganic pollutant widely distributed in the environment. Therefore, perchlorate posts potential risks to the environment as well as human health. Crayfish is a dominant aquatic food with increasing consumption levels in recent years. It is crucial to evaluate the accumulation of perchlorate with well-water-soluble properties in crayfish and to assess its health risks. In our present study, we obtained crayfish samples from cultivated ponds and markets based on the regions of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. The perchlorate concentration was measured in all 206 samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS). Monte Carlo simulation was used to perform health risk assessments. The results indicated that perchlorate levels ranged from 7.74–43.71 μg/kg for cultivated crayfish and 4.90–16.73 μg/kg for crayfish sold in markets. The perchlorate accumulation mainly occurred in exoskeleton parts. All the HQ values were remarkable, at less than one—indicating that perchlorate exposure through the ingestion of crayfish does not pose an appreciable risk to human health.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
(PFASs) are a novel class of
emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) owing to their environmental
persistence and bioaccumulation. Red swamp crayfish is a major source
of exposure to PFASs, while the dietary intake of PFASs from crayfish
is still unclear. We investigated the concentrations of PFASs in 130
batches of crayfish and 100 environmental samples from Middle and
Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Delta. Seven Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic
acids (PFCAs), 3 Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), and 6:2 Cl-PFESA
were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Meanwhile, PFASs exposure levels were
examined concretely in four tissues of crayfish and different circulation
links. The average daily intake (ADI) risk model was used to evaluate
the human health risk of consuming crayfish and suggested that the
risk of PFASs exposure is at a low level.
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