The development of the pulp & paper industries in Indonesia increase every year. To support the development of industries in Indonesia in order to be able to compete with similar industries from abroad, it is very important to pay attention to the quality of the paper produced. One way to determine the quality of the pulp & paper is by knowing the chemical composition and area where the wood grows. Important chemical compositions that can support the strength of wood and paper quality include cellulose and lignin. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the levels of cellulose and lignin contained in Acacia crassicarpa wood from wetlands and Acacia mangium from dry land which is processed into pulp & paper with good quality. Determination of cellulose and lignin content in wood was carried out using the gravimetric method. Test results on Acacia crassicarpa wood species from wetlands obtained cellulose content of 55.48% and lignin 24.13%, while in Acacia mangium wood from dry land obtained cellulose content of 51.46% and lignin 27.66%. According to company standards that levels of cellulose and lignin in two different fields are obtained according to the standards set by the company. So for the results of testing Acacia crassicarpa wood from wetlands have the highest levels of cellulose with low levels of lignin
Hand sanitizer is an antiseptic in gel form. The gel texture in hand sanitizers is caused by the carbomer which acts as a gelling agent. Therefore, this research was done to observe the effect of carbomer on the value of pH, viscosity, and microbial activity in hand sanitizers. As for testing pH using pH meters, testing viscosity was carried out using the viscometer method, while microbial activity was carried out using the Total Plate Number, Yeast Mold Number and microbial pathogen tests. Based on the data obtained, the carbomer greatly influences the increase in the viscosity of the hand sanitizer gel, the pH value was obtained at 6.0 - 7.06, while in the microbial activity test none of the microbes grew in each medium. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hand sanitizer with code P3 is the best sample
Styrofoam is a petroleum-based and synthetic polymer that is only used once. To reduce waste and environmental damage as well as health problems, this study aims to make biofoam from cassava peel and angsana leaves using a combination of extrusion and baking methods. In this study, glycerin and polyvinyl alcohol were also added with volume variations, 10: 30 (sample 1), 20 : 20 (sample 2), and 30: 10 (sample 3) mL to improve the physical properties of biofoam. The physical characteristics observed were color, water content using the gravimetric method, and water absorption capacity of ABNT NBR NM ISO 535. Sample 1 and sample 2 were lighter in color than sample 3. The lowest water content value was found in sample 2, while sample 2 was has the ability to absorb less water is sample 3.
Used cooking oil is oil obtained from repeated frying, so it is not healthy for consumption. In addition, used cooking oil can also cause environmental pollution if discharged directly into the environment. To overcome this problem, a used cooking oil purification device with flow rate automation was made. This study aims to make the used cooking oil purification process more effective. This used cooking oil processing equipment consists of a holding tank, a flow rate control device, a flow rate reader, an adsorption column containing cotton, activated charcoal, and zeolite. Then, the performance of the tool was tested. Based on the research that has been done, used cooking oil which was initially reddish brown and smelled rancid after being processed, the color changed to brownish yellow and the smell was slightly rancid. Therefore, it can be concluded that the used cooking oil purification equipment with flow rate automation is effective for purifying used cooking oil.
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