Short stature is characteristic of Hurler syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type IH (MPS IH). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used to treat children with MPS IH. While HSCT corrects some of the metabolic features of MPS IH, its effects on growth are not well delineated. We investigated growth in patients with MPS IH after HSCT and described accompanying endocrine abnormalities. A cohort of 48 patients with MPS IH who had received HSCT between 1983 and 2005 were included. The prevalence of short stature (height oÀ2 s.d. score, SDS) before HSCT was 9%, and increased to 71% at last follow-up (6.9±5.1 years after HSCT). Short stature was positively associated with increased age at HSCT (P ¼ 0.002) and TBI (P ¼ 0.009). In total, 23% had growth hormone deficiency and/or low insulin-like growth factor-1, one female patient had premature adrenarche, one precocious puberty and 27% had clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism. Growth failure is highly prevalent in children with MPS IH after HSCT. Children who had no TBI exposure and were younger at the time of HSCT had a better height outcome.

Summary Children with Hurler syndrome experience progressive growth failure after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The goal of this study was to review the safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) in eight children with Hurler syndrome who were treated at our institution with GH for short stature or GH deficiency between 2005 and 2008. The age at initiation of treatment with GH was 9.6 ± 2.3 years and time since HCT was 7.5 ± 1.5 years. Mean GH dose was 0.32 mg/kg/week. Baseline growth velocity was 3.5 ± 1.5 cm/yr (−2.6 ± 1.9 SDS) and increased to 5.2 ± 3.0 cm/yr (−0.1 ± 3.6 SDS) after 1 year of treatment. Of 6 patients with radiographic data there was 1 progression of scoliosis, 1 progression of kyphosis, and 1 progression of genu valgum. No patient discontinued treatment due to progression of skeletal disease. One patient discontinued GH due to slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Preliminary data suggest that one year GH treatment may modestly improve growth velocity in children with Hurler syndrome.

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