BIOLOGIA DE RESUMOAs cucurbitáceas apresentam grande demanda no mercado mundial e uma das principais pragas que atacam essas culturas é o pulgão Aphis gossypii. Assim, objetivou-se estudar aspectos da biologia desse afídeo em função da temperatura na cultivar de abobrinha Caserta (Cucurbita pepo L.). Utilizaram-se discos foliares (2,5cm de ) acondicionados, com a face abaxial para cima, em placas de Petri (5cm de ) contendo uma lâmina de ágar-água. Em cada placa foi deixada uma ninfa recém-nascida, acompanhandose o seu desenvolvimento ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida, em diferentes temperaturas (18, 21, 24, 27 e 30±1ºC), 70±10% UR e fotofase de 12 horas. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 60 repetições. Verificou-se que as temperaturas afetaram o desenvolvimento de A. gossypii. Menor duração do período ninfal e maior produção diária de ninfas foram observadas a 24 e 27ºC. A temperatura de 30ºC provocou efeito deletério, causando 68% de mortalidade na fase ninfal. Termos para indexação:Pulgão, ciclo biológico, Cucurbitaceae. ABSTRACTThe cucurbitaceous plants are always on demand in world market and one of the main pests on these crop is the aphid Aphis gossypii. This work aimed to study the biological aspects of A. gossypii on the Caserta (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivar in different temperatures. To determine the biological aspects of A. gossypii, nymphs were kept on leaf disks (2.5 cm ) with the abaxial side up in Petri dishes (5 cm ) containing a thin layer of agar-water. Each dish contained one nymph of the first instar of the aphid. The development and the other biological parameters were evaluated in different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27 e 30±1ºC), 70±10% RH and 12h photophase. The experiments were complete randomized design with 60 replicates. The results showed that the temperature influenced the development of A. gossypii. The shorter nymphal period and higher daily nymph s production were observed at 24 and 27 ºC. The temperature of 30 ºC was deleterius inducing to 68% of mortality at the nymphal stage of A. gossypii.

Cropping practices are necessary in order to help reduce the population of pest insect, such as the induction of resistance through fertilization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess alterations on the production and quality of Brachiaria ruziziensis when receiving the fertilization composed by the macronutrients NPK and/or exposed to the attack of Mahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults. B. ruziziensis plants were fertilized according to the recommendation (R), half of the recommended fertilization (H), or non-fertilization (C). They were also exposed to different M. spectabilis nymph and adult densities. The damage, regrowth, and bromatological components were evaluated. The fertilization treatment promoted a higher M. spectabilis nymph survival on B. ruziziensis; however, it reduced the damage caused by the forage exposed to nymphs and adults of pest insect, and it did not alter the quality of the signal grass. Moreover, the fertilization treatment enabled forage recovery, even when exposed to 5 nymphs or 10 spittlebug adults.

RESUMO: A presença dos insetos possui grande importância ecológica relacionada a fatores ambientais, abrigo e reserva de alimento. A perda de identidade do ambiente, causada pela degradação, proporciona débito de diversidade ecológica. Para avaliarmos a composição da entomofauna bioindicadora no Parque Florestal Municipal em Boa Esperança, MG, em duas estações do ano, foram realizadas 2 coletas quinzenais durante o inverno e 2 na primavera, utilizando meio de métodos passivos e ativos de coleta. Os insetos amostrados foram triados e identificados em nível de ordem e de família e acondicionados em potes contendo álcool 70%. Foram coletados 8.846 insetos subdivididos em 10 ordens. Dentro dessas ordens pode-se verificar 1 super-família (Hespiroidea), 34 famílias e 1 indivíduo não identificado. A diversidade da entomofauna encontrada no o Parque Municipal Florestal da Sucupira demonstra certo grau de recuperação da área, especialmente devido à presença dos coleópteros coprófagos. A ordem Hymenoptera foi a mais abundante em todas as coletas e representada exclusivamente por exemplares da família Formicidae. A estação do ano e a temperatura, no período em que foram realizadas as coletas, influenciaram na diversidade e riqueza das espécies. A utilização de atrativos influenciou diretamente na abundância e diversidade de indivíduos coletados.

The presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) modulates the uptake of dopamine by regulating its concentration in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the DAT binding potential (DAT-BP) in a sample of healthy Brazilians through technetium-99 metastable TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. We selected 126 healthy individuals comprising 72 men and 54 women, aged 18 to 80 years. We conducted semi-quantitative evaluation in transaxial slices, following which we identified the regions of interest in the striatal region using the occipital lobe as a region of non-specific DAT-BP. We found a decrease in DAT-BP in healthy individuals aged over 30 years, culminating in a 42% mean reduction after 80 years. There was no difference in the decrease by age group between the right (linear regression test [ R 2 ] linear = 0.466) and left striatum ( R 2 linear = 0.510). Women presented a higher DAT-BP than men (women: R 2 linear = 0.431; men: R 2 linear = 0.457); nonetheless, their decrease by age group was equal to that in men. Our study sheds light on important DAT-BP findings in healthy Brazilian subjects. Our results will facilitate understanding of brain illnesses that involve the dopamine system, such as neuropsychiatric disorders.

No abstract

O 131I é um dos radionuclídeos mais utilizados na prática de medicina nuclear. É aplicado tanto em procedimentos diagnósticos quanto terapêuticos, pratica esta que representa um risco de incorporação deste radionuclídeo. A Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA) recomenda a implementação de programas de monitoração interna em trabalhadores potencialmente expostos a doses anuais maiores que 1 mSv devido à incorporação de 131I, como, por exemplo, trabalhadores que manipulam 131I para terapia. A Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) estabelece que trabalhadores potencialmente expostos a doses anuais maiores que 1 mSv devido à incorporação de 131I devam ser submetidos a um programa de monitoração interna de rotina. Entretanto, no Brasil existem apenas cinco laboratórios capacitados a prestar serviços de monitoração interna e caso a exigência de monitoração interna dos trabalhadores fosse aplicada pela CNEN, os laboratórios não teriam como atender a toda possível demanda por monitoração interna, além de que geraria um custo elevado para os Serviços de Medicina Nuclear (SMN). Este trabalho utilizou uma metodologia simples e de baixo custo para calibração da gama câmara para utilização em um programa de monitoração interna in vivo de rotina de 131I. As técnicas de calibração realizadas neste trabalho mostraram-se de fácil e rápida execução, além de permitir a implantação de um programa de monitoração interna de rotina conduzido pelo próprio SMN, o que permite cumprir ao requisito de monitoração interna de 131I exigido pela CNEN sem custos adicionais significativos.

TRODAT-1 is a radiopharmaceutical derived from tropane and linked to tecnecium-99m ([99mTc] TRODAT-1) has been used in studies of dopamine transporter (DAT) in central nervous system. Associated with the SPECT technique of acquisition, is able to detect changes in neurological disorders like Parkinson´s disease, evaluating the binding potential (BP) of DAT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the image reconstruction methods, Filtered Back Projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (OSEM), in BP values at the striatal region in 30 healthy volunteers. Images were analyzed by visual inspection and semi-quantitative analysis. Regions of interest (ROI) were made over striatal areas on both sides. Nonparametric Wilcoxon statistical analysis was performed between the BP values from the FBP and OSEM methods. Our results showed that the reconstruction methods have a statistical significant BP values difference in the total striatum (Z = -2,2787 p = 0.005), right striatum (Z = -2,602 p = 0.009) and left striatum (Z= 2,746 p = 0.006). The effect size was calculated to see if there influence in this test: the "large effect size" for all measurements was observed (total striatum r= -0.51; right striatum r= -0.48; left striatum r= -0.50). FBP is the usual method of reconstruction for brain SPECT images, and our results showed influence of the OSEM method in BP. It is concluded that the method of image reconstruction adopted should be standardized to avoid incorrect evaluations of BP values using [99mTc]TRODAT-1.

The effects of varying photophase conditions on biological parameters of Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), nymphs and adults were evaluated. Eggs of a late developmental stage were placed near sugarcane roots (cultivar RB739735) maintained in a greenhouse (21 ± 7° C, 90 ± 10% RH). Nymphs and adults were exposed to the following photophase conditions: a) 13:11 L:D as nymphs and adults, b) 13:11 as nymphs and 12:12 as adults, c) 12:12 as nymphs and adults, and d) 12:12 as nymphs and 13:11 as adults. Exposure of nymphs to 13 hr of light significantly reduced the duration of the nymphal stage and the number of nymphs that matured to adults. The duration of the nymphal stage was longer in individuals developing into females than in those developing into males. There was an increase in the longevity of adults kept at 13 hr of light since the nymphal stage. The average longevity of adult males and females was approximately the same. The sex ratio was similar under all photophase conditions. The life cycle of insects kept at 12 and 13 hr of light during nymphal and adult stages respectively was extended. The total life cycle was significantly longer in M. fimbriolata females than males. The different photophase conditions did not affect the reproductive potential of M. fimbriolata. Females produced more diapausing than non-diapausing eggs, except when under 13- and 12-hr light conditions. There was no significant difference in the number of diapausing and non-diapausing eggs produced by females under the other photophase conditions.