The findings in this study suggest that at long-term follow-up the majority of individuals who have undergone gastric bypass feel that the procedure benefited them, although some complications including difficulties with "plugging" and vomiting were present at long-term follow-up.

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Objective-Although aVective prosody seems to be a dominant and lateralised communication function of the right hemisphere, focal lesions of either hemisphere may cause problems with its modulation. When impairment occurs after brain damage, the profiles of aVective-prosodic disturbances diVer depending on the hemisphere injured. Patients with left brain damage (LBD) improve their performance whereas patients with right brain damage (RBD) do not when the verbal-articulatory demands of the test stimuli are reduced systematically. One of the major arguments for a right hemispheric contribution to schizophrenia has been the documentation of aVective prosodic deficits under the assumption that these abnormalities reflect right hemispheric dysfunction. Thus, an essential question to resolve is whether the profile of aVective prosodic disturbances in schizophrenia is similar to LBD or RBD, or represents a unique variation. Methods-Data were collected from four subject groups: 45 chronic, medicationstabilised, schizophrenic patients, 10 patients with focal LBD, nine patients with focal RBD, and 19 controls. All groups were tested on the aprosodia battery, which uses stimuli having incrementally reduced verbal-articulatory demands. Schizophrenic and aphasic symptoms were evaluated using standard assessment tools. Results-For patients with impaired performance on the aprosodia battery, schizophrenic patients were statistically identical to patients with RBD and robustly diVerent from those with LBD. Thirty eight schizophrenic patients (84.4%) were found to have some type of aVective prosodic deficit with the predominant pattern indicating, at minimum, right posterior sylvian dysfunction (57.8%). When schizophrenic symptoms and aprosodic deficits were examined using a principal component analysis, aVective comprehension and repetition loaded uniquely as separate factors. Conclusions-The profile of aVectiveprosodic deficits found in impaired schizophrenic patients is characteristic of RBD, supporting the concept that schizophrenia is a bihemispheric disease process. These deficits may also represent cardinal symptoms of schizophrenia as they are highly prevalent and, except for spontaneous aVective prosody, are not associated statistically with traditional clusters of schizophrenic symptoms. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:597-604)

This study reviews the published research on night time eating, including the night eating syndrome (NES) and the nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome (NEDS). Studies were identified by a computerized literature search (PubMed, PsycInfo) and by references from the papers obtained. In addition, published abstracts from recent conferences in the areas of eating disorders and obesity were included. Individual studies were reviewed and their results summarized. Wakeful night time eating appears to be a frequent symptom which is more common among the obese. The data suggest an early age of onset with a chronic course in many patients. There appears to be considerable overlap between NES and NEDS. Treatment studies are sparse. The clinical features of these syndromes, their comorbidities, and their prevalence rates remain a matter of debate. It is unclear if the night eating syndrome presents a distinct entity that is of clinical relevance. The current nosologies may not capture the natural clustering of eating and sleep-related pathology as it occurs in general population samples.