BACKGROUND: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (ADCCR) is the third most cancer not only in the world but also in Indonesia. There were 623 cases of ADCCR at Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital within 2015-2017. Both KRAS and TP53 mutation are known as genes which involve in carcinogenesis through the same pathway, namely the chromosomal instability pathway. In West Java, researches focusing on mutation KRAS and p53 also a correlation between both biomarkers among ADCCR patients are still limited. AIM: Therefore, this research aimed to perceive a correlation between KRAS gene expression with p53 immunoexpression in ADCCR.METHODS: Cross section research design was performed to 62 cases of ADCCR as paraffin block taken from 4 hospitals in West Java, including Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung, Santosa hospital Bandung, Borromeus hospital Bandung and Syamsudin hospital Sukabumi from January 1st 2014 to 31s November 2018. KRAS mutation gene data taken from secondary data at molecular laboratory in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta and Dr Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, while the detection of p53 immunoexpression data using immunohistochemical staining was carried out in the Laboratorium of Anatomical Pathology of Padjadjaran University (Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital). All data were analysed using Chi-Square test with p-value < 0,05 of significant level then proceeded with Stata ver.11 for windows.RESULTS: The results of this study showed that KRAS gene expressions from 62 sample consist of 39 wild type KRAS (62.39%) and 23 mutant KRAS (37.1%). The p53 immunoexpression consists of 27 negative cases (non-mutant p53) and 35 mutant p53, which includes 10 cases as focal expression (16.33%) and 25 cases as diffuse expressions (40.33%). There is a significant association between KRAS gene expression and p53 immunoexpressions in ADCCR (p = 0.04), with mild positive correlation (Rho 0.28). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that KRAS and p53 mutations are involved in carcinogenesis, and the p53 mutation is a more dominant risk factor than KRAS mutation among West Java people. P53 mutations with diffuse pattern tend to express mutant KRAS while p53 negative and having a focal pattern tend to express wt KRAS.
Background: Tissue engineering technology has been used globally and proven to accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to analyse the effect of adding hydroxyapatite (HA) as a scaffold to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a growth factor in accelerating the wound healing process as seen from the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Methods: This research is an animal experiment conducted on 18 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups of treatment: (G1) the application of PRF group, (G2) the application of PRF+HA group and (C) the control group without any application. Furthermore, each treatment group was split randomly into three groups of observation time. Periodontal tissue biopsy was performed to analyse the histopathological features that were examined on the basis of the level of MMP-13 immunoexpression. Results: MMP-13 immunoexpression in the PRF+HA group showed better histoscore results, indicating a substantial reduction in MMP-13 values compared with other groups. The healing process was shown to increase with increasing observation time (p<0.05), and the PRF+HA group outperformed the PRF and control groups. On day 3, MMP-13 exhibited a dark brown colour of Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which indicated an increase in the expression value of MMP-13 in the early stages of healing, namely, inflammation. On day 14, light brown IHC was seen, especially in group 2, as a reference that the remodeling process had begun. Conclusions: This study indicates that the application of HA can accelerate the socket healing process by decreasing the level of immunoexpression of MMP-13. HA is an alloplastic material that has inherent bioactive properties that support osteoconduction, which functions as a scaffold in the form of a fibrin matrix that can bind MMPs so that it can accelerate the wound healing process.
Background: Tissue engineering technology has been used globally and proven to accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to analyse the effect of adding hydroxyapatite (HA) as a scaffold to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a growth factor in accelerating the wound healing process as seen from the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Methods: This research is an animal experiment conducted on 18 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups of treatment: (G1) the application of PRF group, (G2) the application of PRF+HA group and (C) the control group without any application. Furthermore, each treatment group was split randomly into three groups of observation time. Periodontal tissue biopsy was performed to analyse the histopathological features that were examined on the basis of the level of MMP-13 immunoexpression. Results: MMP-13 immunoexpression in the PRF+HA group showed better histoscore results, indicating a substantial reduction in MMP-13 values compared with other groups. The healing process was shown to increase with increasing observation time (p<0.05), and the PRF+HA group outperformed the PRF and control groups. On day 3, MMP-13 exhibited a dark brown colour of Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which indicated an increase in the expression value of MMP-13 in the early stages of healing, namely, inflammation. On day 14, light brown IHC was seen, especially in group 2, as a reference that the remodeling process had begun. Conclusions: This study indicates that the administration of PRF and HA was capable of reducing the MMP-13 expression that significantly accelerates the socket healing process. Hydroxyapatite is an alloplastic material that has inherent bioactive properties that support osteoconduction, can bind MMPs, and showed faster healing results based on the observation time as documented by immunohistochemistry.
The coronavirus outbreak of 2019 (Covid-19) is currently occurring. It's deteriorating further, particularly in Bandung, Indonesia. This increase was driven by insufficient application of health protocols. Personal health education focuses on promoting health knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), most notably with regard to school-based implementation of the Covid-19 health protocol. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to gather data on KAP in relation to the Covid-19 health protocol among 31 students attending an Islamic boarding school. Data on KAP were collected using a validated primary data questionnaire. The data were examined using SPSS 26.0 software and the chi-square test to determine the association. The data indicated that delivering health education had a modest effect on KAP levels. However, there was no significant relation between KAP and gender or age. The most effective approach of modifying students' KAPs is through health education. Health education improved students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Covid-19 transmission prevention strategies. Additional research is necessary to generate more evidence and to analyze the long-term impact. The amount of student KAP focused on enforcing the Covid-19 health policy is critical to the program's efficacy in creating a healthy, Covid-free school environment.
Abstract. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2014, there were 422 million people living with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The most DM complications were diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) by 50% compared to other complications. A person's knowledge of a disease, in this case DM, can be the basis for one's perception of choosing disease prevention planning, disease control, and self-management. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge type 2 DM with the perception prevention of DPN complications in adults in Kujangsari Village, Bandung City. This study used an analytic study method with a cross-sectional approach, analyzed by using the Chi-square test. The subjects of this study were 60 adults over 30 years old in Kujangsari Village, Bandung City and the sample was taken using simple random sampling method. The data of this study were obtained from a questionnaire on knowledge level of type 2 DM and a questionnaire for assessing the perception of DPN complications prevention. The results of the study obtained by most adults were having good knowledge about type 2 DM as many as 57 people (97%) and perception prevention of complications DPN as many as 55 people (92%). The results of the data analysis research showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about type 2 DM with the perception of the prevention DPN complications. This research illustrates that a good level of knowledge type 2 DM can be a supporting factor to form a perception prevention of complications DPN which is also positive. Abstrak. World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan terdapat 422 juta jiwa orang yang hidup dengan Diabetes Melitus (DM di dunia pada tahun 2014, Komplikasi DM paling banyak adalah polineuropati diabetik (PND) sebesar 50% dibandingkan komplikasi lain. Pengetahuan seseorang terhadap suatu penyakit dalam hal ini DM, dapat menjadi dasar persepsi seseorang memilih perencanaan pencegahan penyakit, pengendalian penyakit, dan manajemen diri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan DM tipe 2 dengan persepsi pencegahan komplikasi PND pada orang dewasa di Kelurahan Kujangsari Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang, dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square. Subjek penelitian ini adalah orang dewasa di atas 30 tahun di wilayah Kelurahan Kujangsari Kota Bandung berjumlah 60 responden dan sampel tersebut diambil dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan DM tipe 2 dan kuesioner penilaian persepsi pencegahan komplikasi PND. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh orang dewasa yang terbanyak adalah memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang DM tipe 2 sebanyak 57 orang (97%) dan persepsi terhadap pencegahan komplikasi PND yang positif sebanyak 55 orang (92%). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terhadap hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang DM tipe 2 dengan persepsi pencegahan komplikasi PND. Hasil bahwa tingkat pengetahuan DM tipe 2 yang baik dapat menjadi faktor pendukung terhadap pembentukan persepsi pencegahan komplikasi PND yang juga positif..
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