Nowadays, with more and more WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) being abandoned, WEEE recycling activities are increasingly popular. In this paper, we build a closed-loop supply chain model and focus on the recycling behaviors of the members in this supply chain, which contains two manufacturers, the retailer and the consumer. In the reverse chain, we set up dual channels and design two recycling methods: sell-back method and trade-in method. We use classical backward induction to run the model. And then we analyze the stability of the system and the impacts of some essential parameters by numerical simulation. The speed of control method and the decision-making method to control chaos, and they both have a good control effect.
Based on the data of 59 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2019, this paper uses the Slack Based Measure-Global Malmquist Luenberger (SBM-GML) model to measure green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the cities. Under the space–time concept of the Basin, heterogeneity analysis of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin is conducted. On this basis, a panel Tobit model is constructed to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on GTFP in the whole basin, upstream region, middle region and downstream region. The results show that the intensity of environmental regulation in the Yellow River Basin increases gradually, which is the highest in the lower reaches, followed by the middle reaches; spatially, the intensity of environmental regulation shows a certain aggregation trend. The green economic growth is realized in the whole basin, and the green technology progress effect is the driving factor of GTFP. The GTFP distribution in the upstream region is relatively concentrated, showing a slow upward trend. The distribution of GTFP in the middle reaches is discrete, and the annual difference is large. In the downstream region, it shows a trend of decline first and then increase. Environmental regulation promotes GTFP in the whole basin, upper, middle and lower reaches, accompanied by certain spatial differences. The Yellow River Basin breaks through the cost effect brought by environmental regulation and triggers technological innovation, thereby enhancing GTFP; the “Porter hypothesis” has been verified in the Yellow River Basin.
According to game theory, chaotic dynamics theory, and complexity based on the literature review about the pricing strategy and recycling channels of the closed-loop supply chain, on the background of the widespread hybrid recycling channels in Chinese electronic products market, this paper builds a closed-loop supply chain model with dual-channel recycling composed of one manufacturer and one third-party. We assume that the consumer perception towards the remanufacturing products is uncertain and limited. We carry on theoretical analysis of this model and perform numerical simulations from the perspective of entropy theory. Results show that a precipitous speed of recycling price adjustment of the manufacturer or the third-party will both lead the system into a chaotic state and cause the entropy of the system to increase. The system is sensitive to initial conditions in this chaotic condition. Focusing on the harmful effects of chaotic system, we introduce adjustment parameter to efficiently control the chaos. The results have a strong reference value to practical problems, so it has a great value in both theory and application.
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