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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak initiated in Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly all around the world and labeled as a pandemic with almost 168,000 infected cases and 6,500 deaths globally up to March 16, 2020. It is believed that children are less likely than adults to be infected with COVID-19. In this review, we discuss different aspects of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics. COVID-19 in pediatrics occurs in the early stages of its outbreak at a high rate with a family cluster pattern mainly. Children infected with COVID-19 are mostly asymptomatic carriers and the main potential causes of the spread and transmission of the disease in communities. Asymptomatic children with no underlying disease or red flags should follow home isolation protocols. Children with red flags, comorbidities and risk factors or those with severe pneumonia must be admitted to the hospitals. Children's hospitals should be equipped with the acute respiratory diseases ward, quarantine rooms, and intensive care unit to protect other patients and health care staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Abstracts enuresis) NMNE. (This study was conducted to review clinical and ultrasonography findings in enuretic children, and compare organic and functional pathologies of lower urinary tract (LUT) in children with mono-MNE with those who have NMNE. Methods 111 neurologically normal children with chief complaint of enuresis enrolled in the study including 60 boys and 51 girls, aged 5-17 years old, 43 (38.8) % with MNE and 68 (61.2) % with NMNE. Urine analysis, urine culture and kidney-bladder ultra sonography was done for all. Some patients underwent voiding cystoureterography (VCUG), urodynamic study (UDS), or both. Results Patients were divided in to 3 groups: MNE, NMNE -daytime incontinence and NMNE+daytime incontinence. Constipation, encopresis and urge incontinence were significantly more frequent in patients with NMNE+daytime incontinence (p= 0.011, 0.003, 0.001 respectively). Bladder wall thickness was the most common US findings. One patient with MNE and 9 with NMNE+ daytime incontinence had vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) (p=0.016). Posterior urethral valve was reported in one patient with NMNE. Evidences of bladder dysfunction were noted in about half of the patients who underwent UDS, with higher prevalence in cases with NMNE+daytime urinary incontinence (p=0.297). Bowel symptoms and VUR were significantly more prevalent in cases with NMNE +daytime incontinence. Conclusion We recommend doing VCUG in enuretic children who have daytime incontinence. In addition our study revealed that symptoms suggestive of over active bladder are not good indicators for bladder dysfunction.