Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are a rare type of mesenchymal tumor arising from perivascular epithelial cells. These tumor cells are a co-expression of both melanocytic and myogenic antigens, such as HMB 45 and smooth muscle actin, and at least in some patients, are located around vessels. PEComas has been reported at various sites, including visceral organs, soft tissue, the prostate gland and broad ligaments. In the female reproductive system, the uterine corpus is the most common site of involvement. Some cases are related to tuberous sclerosis complex. Cervical PEComa with tuberous sclerosis complex is presented in the case of a 41 year-old and the literature is reviewed. There have been only eight cases of cervical PEComas and only one other case associated with tuberous sclerosis complex reported to date.
The objective of this study was to determine the optimum concentrations of rainbow trout seminal plasma (RTS) supplemented extenders for goat semen quality at post‐thaw and after incubation. Five sexually mature Saanen goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) were used for semen collection. Pooled semen was diluted with soybean lecithin‐based extender without RTS (control) or supplemented with different concentrations of RTS (1%, 2%, 4% or 8%), at a final concentration of 150 × 106 spermatozoon/ml. Sperm motility, plasma membrane functional integrity (HOST), damaged acrosome (PSA‐FITC), mitochondrial activity (rhodamine123) and DNA integrity (TUNEL) were evaluated. Spermatological parameters were evaluated at post‐thaw and after 6 hr incubation. RTS8 group preserved sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane functional integrity and mitochondrial function better than the control group (p < .05). The study demonstrated that RTS supplemented lecithin‐based extenders have useful effects on goat spermatozoa. In addition, the results of the current study represented the positive effect of using 8% RTS supplemented extender.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) develops owing to psychogenic, organic or/and both of these two factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between penile cavernosal arterial flow and peripheral atherosclerosis in men with ED. This study was conducted on 102 patients who had presented to Radiology Clinic with a prediagnosis of ED. Diabetes, hypertension (HT) and smoking were recorded. Blood were taken from all patients for analysis of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein level. All the patients underwent high-resolution penile colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS). The peak-systolic velocity and the end-diastolic velocity values in the bilateral cavernosal arteries were recorded. At the same session, all the patients underwent evaluation for bilateral common carotid artery and femoral artery intima media thickness and for the presence of atherosclerotic plaque. Patients were classified as ED of arterial origin and non-arterial origin according to penile CDUS findings. Of the total 102 patients, 43 (42.2%) had arterial ED and the remaining 59 (57.8%) were contained in non-arterial ED. There was a significant difference between groups for diabetes mellitus (DM), HT, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD) and total cholesterol level (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference between groups for the presence of plaque in the carotid and the femoral artery (P<0.05). The relationship between smoking and arterial ED was not found to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Non-diagnosed or silent DM, HT and ACVD can have roles in the etiology of arterial ED. Patients who are diagnosed as having arterial ED with Doppler Ultrasound should also be evaluated with B-mode ultrasonography for other peripheral vascular atherosclerotic processes. In this way, subclinical cases can be detected and further possible complications can be avoided.
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