Objective: The aim was to study the vision-related quality of life (QOL) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with Type 2 diabetes and to assess the direct medical cost of different treatment modalities. Methods:It was based on an individual-based analysis of QOL before and after the treatment for DR. The main objective of the study was to compare QOL between patients based on the different treatment modalities using vision function questionnaire (VFQ)-25, to evaluate the direct medical cost for DR patients undergoing different treatment modalities and to compare the cost and QOL of different treatment modalities in samples with nonproliferative DR (NPDR)/proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) macular edema. The population included were patients with Type 2 diabetes with NPDR, with clinically significant macular edema and PDR, patients diagnosed to have diabetes above 5-year duration, adult patients, ocular pain those who are on regular follow-up and those who are willing to be a part of study. A total of 256 patients were selected out, of which 141 patients were satisfied the study criteria and participated in the study. Data relevant to the voice-related QOL study were obtained and recorded using VFQ-25 questionnaire. Other data relevant to the study were obtained and recorded in a semistructured data collection form by interviewing the patient or their caregivers and by direct examination of patient's medical record. Expenditure was calculated in Indian Rupees. Results:After comparing the baseline QOL with QOL after treatment, it was found that the overall QOL of the study samples in accordance with the treatment undergone was found to be improved. The overall QOL had improved after the treatment for all samples and major improvement was seen on dependency, social functioning (SF), and mental health (MH). Conclusion:The overall QOL had improved after the treatment for all samples and major improvement were seen on dependency, SF, and MH. In conclusion, the study analyzed that intravitreal bevacizumab therapy is the cheapest one and with the comparatively same clinical outcome when compared with intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for macular edema cases in patients with NPDR and PDR.
Background: Adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is considered as the first-line agent in patients with high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after surgery. There are no data in India where there is a high prevalence of tubercle bacillus and inherent immunity against Bacillus sp. The present study aims to evaluate the outcomes of intravesical BCG in the Indian population. Methods: A retrospective study of 101 patients who underwent intravesical BCG for high-risk NMIBC between January 2006 and December 2015 was carried out in a single centre. We compared the recurrence-free rate and progression rate of patients who received induction alone and induction with maintenance BCG therapy. The safety profile of intravesical BCG therapy was also assessed in the study. Results: After a median follow up of 2 years, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the induction group and maintenance group were 82% and 88% respectively ( p = 0.233). There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 2 years in those who receive maintenance BCG (95%) and those with induction BCG (94.7%; p = 0.721). A total of 69.36% of our patients had local adverse events. Conclusion: Our results suggest that maintenance therapy does not enhance the therapeutic effects of BCG in patients who respond favourably to 6 weeks of induction. Additional prospective studies are warranted in those countries where tuberculosis exposure is prevalent.
The present study focused on the co morbidities and lifestyle associated with diabetes patients. It was a non experimental prospective study and done in outpatient department of endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical science. Sample size was 136. Patients who have diagnosed with diabetes included and not willing to participate excluded. Majority of the people (18.4%) having hypertension followed by combination of hypertension and dyslipidaemia (15.4%). Majority of them are non vegetarians (79.41%) and having irregular exercise (65.44%). 13.9% of patients were consuming alcohol and 10.3% were smoking. So the study provides data to advice health care providers to pay more attention towards the diabetes patients.
Docetaxel belongs to taxane family of antineoplastic agents that are indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Docetaxel is associated with many adverse effects, and pulmonary reaction has an incidence of 41%. However, interstitial pulmonary disease is found to occur only in <1% of the population as per the post-marketing surveillance reports. Here, we report a case of docetaxel-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD). The patient information and details were collected using the hospital information system. The adverse drug reaction (ADR) of ILD occurred after 5 cycles of chemotherapy with docetaxel at a dose of 60 mg/m 2 that is 80 mg IV. The causality of the event in our case was assessed using the Naranjo ADR probability scale which marked a score of 7 (probable). It is necessary that all physicians be aware of the reaction and to closely monitor clinicoradiological and functional status of the patients at regular intervals after administration of docetaxel.
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