Abstract:: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer that has shown a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide among several types of cancers. A large variety of chemotherapeutic agents employed for the treatment has a limited success rate owing to their limited site-specific drug targeting ability. Thus, there is a demand to develop novel approaches for the treatment of HCC. With advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches, the chal-lenges of conventional chemotherapy have been continuously decreasing. Nanomedicines constituted of lipidic and poly-meric composites provide a better platform for delivering and open new pathways for HCC treatment. A score of nanocar-riers such as surface-engineered liposomes, nanoparticles, nanotubes, micelles, quantum dots, etc. has been investigated in the treatment of HCC. These nanocarriers are considered to be highly effective clinically for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs with high site-specificity ability and therapeutic efficiency. The present review highlights the current focus on the application of nanocarrier systems using various ligand-based receptor-specific targeting strategies for the treatment and management of HCC. Moreover, the article has also included information on the current clinically approved drug therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and updates of regulatory requirements for approval of such nanomedicines.
The hydro-alcoholic extract of Withania coagulans fruits was investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening and characterized by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Column chromatography of the hydro-alcoholic extract of W. coagulans eluted with four different combinations of ethyl acetate and methanol yielded four fractions (WCF 01 , WCF 02 , WCF 03, and WCF 04 ). One of these fractions, WCF 02 , significantly ( P < 0.05) inhibited in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity with IC 50 values of 104.71 μg/mL and 70.79 μg/mL, respectively. WCF 02 further reduced blood glucose levels in comparison to control in the starch tolerance test. The extract showed a relative dose-dependent effect. It was observed that none of the extracts could delay the peak blood glucose that was achieved after 60 min of carbohydrate challenge, but these blunted the glycemic peak.
The aim of the present study is to evalutae the effect of metformin in combination with Glimepiride and in patient with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The research is carried out to study the effect of metformin when it is given in combination on glycaemic control in patient with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Patients with Glycosylated Hemoglobin more than 6.5% were included in the study. 30 animal in five group were randomly assigned for treatment based on metformin and glimepiride in a dose of 200 mg/kg and 17.5 mg/kg for 21 weeks. The comparisons were conducted between these five groups for HbA1C, FPG, PPG and lipid profile. On week 21, the significant reductions in HbA1c were found in drug treated groups but the patients treated with metformin and glimepiride resulted in significantly greater reductions in HbA1C . Also the greater significant reductions were observed in case of FPG, total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol in patient with metformin and glimepiride treated group.
The Mahanadi River and its tributaries namely Dhok and Chenga, as like other rivers, serve to be a lifeline for thousands of individuals in the Kishanganj district falling within the Purnea sub-division of Bihar. The rapid escalation in the development of infrastructure within the state has imposed an elevated demand of sand. To meet this demand, the activities pertaining to sand mining have also escalated throughout the country comparatively from the past couple of decades. The report presented herewith was centered on evaluating the effect of sand mining on the zooplankton at three mining sites namely Belwa Ghat (river Donk), Thakurganj Ghat (river Chenga) and Arrabari Ghat (river Mahananda) in the Kishanganj district from March 2019 to March 2021. The observations from the study reported herewith showed that there was substantial increase (p<0.01) in the turbidity of the water at Belwa and Thakurganj Ghat due to increased mining activities. However, the turbidity of water was comparatively low at the Arrabari Ghat. Statistical evaluation also confirmed that the amount of species and mean Shannon diversity index for zooplankton at the reference or control sites of Belwa Ghat were different considerably however except for Arrabari Ghat. Thus the present case report made it evident scientifically that the increased mining activities in the Kishanganj district has led to a decline in the distribution and reduction in the number of species of zooplanktons in the Mahananda, Dhok and Chenga rivers of Kishanganj district in Bihar.
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