This study advances the understanding of entrepreneurship in tourism sector of Bangladesh investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and opportunity identification. Drawing on the personality trait theory, we hypothesize the relationships between identification of opportunity and personality traits, like need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, locus of control, self-confidence, tolerance, innovativeness, decision making capability, ability to learn from failure, capacity for hard work, and independence. Personality trait theory has been used to identify the individual determinants of opportunity identification. We also investigate whether the presence of tourism facilities strengthens the hypothesized relationships. Applying a hierarchical regression model with original data collected from a survey of 150 respondents applying convenience sampling strategy, our results reveal that the need for achievement, tolerance, innovativeness, hardworking and independence have a statistically significant relationship with the identification of tourism opportunities. Our results also support that relationship of personality traits (need for achievement, learn from the failure and independence) with opportunity identification is strengthened when tourism facilities are available. The findings enhance our understanding of opportunity recognition in tourism and hospitality industry. Tourism researchers and prospective tourism entrepreneurs will be benefitted from the research findings.

Successful treatment against infectious agents depends on rapid and accurate detection of the causative organisms. Misdiagnosis can hamper such success while leading to improper advising of antibiotics. In Bangladesh, diagnostic centers detect and identify pathogens through culture and biochemical test-based methods and suggest antibiotics based solely on disk-diffusion methods. In this pilot study, we tried to validate the identity of the isolates characterized by diagnostic facilities near Dhaka. One hundred and twenty pre-characterized clinical isolates were collected and analyzed biochemically and genotypically. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA-PCR, rcsA, and phoA genes-based PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, respectively, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed misidentification of some clinical pathogens of other genera as Klebsiella spp. and E. coli. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) provides different guidelines for each group of pathogens, where antibiotic choice, sensitivity pattern, and breakpoint measurement are other. The lack of adherence to proper standards resulting in misdiagnosis may facilitate antibiotic-resistant development. Henceforth, we have observed misidentification of clinical pathogens by the diagnostic centers and suggest that using rapid molecular techniques like LAMP may avoid misdiagnosis and subsequently circumvent antibiotic resistance development.

Successful treatment against infectious agents depends on rapid and accurate detection of the causative organisms. Misdiagnosis can hamper such success while leading to improper advising of antibiotics. In Bangladesh, the majority of the diagnostic centers detect and identify pathogens through culture and biochemical test-based methods and suggest antibiotics based solely on the results of disk-diffusion methods. This pilot study tried to validate the identity of the isolates characterized by diagnostic facilities near Dhaka. One hundred and twenty pre-characterized clinical isolates were analyzed biochemically and genotypically. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA-PCR, rcsA, and phoA genes-based PCR, and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, respectively, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed misidentification of some clinical pathogens of other genera as Klebsiella spp. and E. coli. According to the antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines, antibiotic choice, sensitivity pattern, and breakpoint measurement are different for each group of organisms. The lack of adherence to proper standards results in misdiagnosis and may facilitate the development of antibiotic resistance. The pilot study observers misidentification of clinical pathogens identified by the diagnostic centers. Well-characterized rapid molecular techniques like LAMP are suggested in clinical diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequently circumvent antibiotic resistance development.

Background. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticariogenic activities of commercially available dentifrices such as, toothpastes and mouthwashes against the most prominent cariogenic bacteria S. mutans. Methods. Agar well diffusion method was employed to investigate the antibacterial activity against newly isolated clinical strains. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and one-way ANOVA and student t-test were used to compare the zone of inhibition. Results. We found that most of the commercially available dentifrices have antibacterial activity against S. mutans clinical isolates. We also found that fluoride and triclosan containing toothpaste has comparatively higher antibacterial effect than others. In addition, we observed that mouthwashes have relatively lower antibacterial activity than the toothpastes. Conclusions. In sum, our study indicated that sodium fluoride and triclosan containing toothpastes can be effectively used to maintain a good oral hygiene to prevent dental caries and other related diseases.

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