The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of electrical devices that are connected to the Internet wirelessly. This group of devices generates a large amount of data with information about users, which makes the whole system sensitive and prone to malicious attacks eventually. The rapidly growing IoT-connected devices under a centralized ML system could threaten data privacy. The popular centralized machine learning (ML)-assisted approaches are difficult to apply due to their requirement of enormous amounts of data in a central entity. Owing to the growing distribution of data over numerous networks of connected devices, decentralized ML solutions are needed. In this paper, we propose a Federated Learning (FL) method for detecting unwanted intrusions to guarantee the protection of IoT networks. This method ensures privacy and security by federated training of local IoT device data. Local IoT clients share only parameter updates with a central global server, which aggregates them and distributes an improved detection algorithm. After each round of FL training, each of the IoT clients receives an updated model from the global server and trains their local dataset, where IoT devices can keep their own privacy intact while optimizing the overall model. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method, we conducted exhaustive experiments on a new dataset named Edge-IIoTset. The performance evaluation demonstrates the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed intrusion detection model by achieving an accuracy (92.49%) close to that offered by the conventional centralized ML models’ accuracy (93.92%) using the FL method.
Due to its significant global impact, both domestic and international efforts are underway to cure the infection and stop the COVID-19 virus from spreading further. In resource-limited environments, overwhelmed healthcare institutions and surveillance systems are struggling to cope with this epidemic, necessitating a specific strategic response. In this study, we looked into the COVID-19 situation and to establish trust, accountability, and transparency, we employed blockchain's immutable and tamper-proof properties. We offered a smart contract (SC)-based solution (Block-HPCT) that has been successfully tested to preserve a digital health passport (DHP) for vaccine recipients; also, for contact tracing (CT) we employed proof of location concept, which aids in a swift and credible response directly from the appropriate healthcare authorities. To connect on-chain and off-chain data, trusted and registered oracles were integrated and to provide a double layer of security along with symmetric key encryption; both Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and Hyperledger Fabric were merged as storage center. We also provided a full description of the suggested solution's system design, implementation, experiment results, and evaluation (privacy and cost analysis). As per the findings, the suggested approach performed satisfactorily across all significant assessment criteria, implying that it can lead the way for practical implementations and also can be used for similar types of situations where contact tracing of infectious can be crucial.
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