The present study was aimed at determining total phenolic and flavonoid contents and studying the antioxidant activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome and callus, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol and callus treated with elicitors. Petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform: methanol (1:1, v/v) (CM) extracts were prepared by maceration. Highest total phenolic content was obtained from the CM extract (60.34 ± 0.43 mg gallic acid/g) of rhizome while callus showed lower content detected in the CM extract (33.6 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid/g). Flavonoids were only detected in rhizome (CM extract 40.25 ± 0.21 mg quercetin/g). Both rhizome extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity with higher activity recorded in PE extract (IC50 value 8.29 ± 1.73 μg/mL). Callus extracts revealed lower antioxidant activity (IC50 value 1265.49 ± 59.9 μg/mL obtained from CM extract). 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol displayed high antioxidant activity in both assays with IC50 4.85 + 0.58DPPH and 5.35 ± 0.33ABTS μg/mL for the former and IC50 7.61 ± 0.81DPPH and IC50 7.05 ± 0.23ABTS μg/mL for the latter. Treatment of callus with elicitors showed significant (p < 0.05) effects in enhancing phenolic content and related antioxidant activity. The highest significant increase in phenolic content (37% and 34%) and antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (34% and 30%) was observed in callus treated with 100 mg/L yeast extract and 50 mg/L salicylic acid respectively. Therefore, studying the effect of the elicitation of ginger cultured tissues in phenolic accumulation would be of immense importance for pharmacological, cosmetic and agronomic industries.

No abstract

The present study aimed to induce callus, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinaleRosc

No abstract

Aims: The aim of this study to detect Anti-giardia, antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity and evaluated the chemical constituent of ethanolic extracts of Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis. Study Design:  Various standard methods were used to detect of bioactivity for ethanolic extracts of plants used in this study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the laboratories of microbiology and parasitology and chemistry, the International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan, during May 2019. Methodology: The ethanolic extract of Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis was used as an anti-giardia and anti-oxidant in-vitro, and toxicity tests were performed using brine shrimp and MTT assay. Also, the compounds of the plants used were detected by the GCMS apparatus. Results: The ethanolic extracts of Abutilon pannosum showed high Anti-giardia activity (79%) in concentration (500 ppm) after 72 hours, whereas the activity of Cassia occidentalis extract showed (61%). The highest antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis was (68.7%), while it was weak in Abutilon pannosum ethanolic extract (45%) by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of cytotoxicity revealed that the ethanolic extracts are highly toxic to brine shrimp, but are not toxic to normal cell line (MTT). Chromatographic analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) showed good separation of compounds. GCMS detected 22 and14 important compounds in Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis extracts respectively. The common compound in both plant extracts is n-Hexadecanoic acid. This acid was reported as an antioxidant. Conclusion: This study revealed that the biological activities of Abutilon pannosum extracts showed high activities of Anti-giardia and antioxidants. Non-cytotoxic in the normal cell line was shown. Cassia occidentalis showed high activity of Anti-giardia and weak activity antioxidant.