. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: RDC/TMD Eixo I, para avaliação clínica e classificação da DTM, Eixo II, para avaliação psicossocial, e os questionários específicos para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal: Impacto da Saúde Bucal nas Atividades Diárias e Perfil do Impacto na Saúde Bucal-14, considerados padrões-ouro. A validação consistiu na avaliação da consistência interna pelo teste de confiabilidade alfa Cronbach, confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade estimadas pela estatística Kappa e correlação de Spearman e validação concorrente, mediante correlação de Spearman. A versão em português do questionário Eixo II do RDC/TMD foi considerada consistente (α Cronbach = 0,72), reprodutível (valores de Kappa entre 0,73 e 0,91; p < 0,01) e válida (p < 0,01). Conclui-se que o instrumento em estudo mostrou-se reprodutível e válido para a população brasileira, possibilitando, assim, a inclusão do Brasil em estudos epidemiológicos transculturais em disfunção temporomandibular. DESCRITORES: Transtornos da articulação temporomandibular; Estudos de validação; Perfil de impacto da doença.
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to validate the multimedia version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis II Questionnaire in Portuguese language.Material and methodsThe sample comprised 30 patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), evaluated at the Orofacial Pain Control Center of the Dental School of the University of Pernambuco, Brazil, between April and June 2006. Data collection was performed using the following instruments: Simplified Anamnestic Index (SAI) and RDC/TMD Axis II written version and multimedia version. The validation process consisted of analyzing the internal consistency of the scales. Concurrent and convergent validity were evaluated by the Spearman’s rank correlation. In addition, test and analysis of reproducibility by the Kappa weighted statistical test and Spearman´s rank correlation test were performed.ResultsThe multimedia version of the RDC/TMD Axis II questionnaire in Portuguese was considered consistent (Crombrach alpha = 0.94), reproducible (Spearman 0.670 to 0.913, p<0.01) and valid (p<0.01).ConclusionThe questionnaire showed valid and reproducible results, and represents an instrument of practical application in epidemiological studies of TMD in the Brazilian population
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gender seems to play a role in influencing the response to experimental pain, although this influence is not very clear yet. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to investigate the contribution of the gender construct (gender identity/role) in the experience of pain through the selection and analysis of clinical studies on the subject. CONTENTS: A search was carried out in the databases Medline (via Pubmed), LILACS (via BVS), and PsycINFO. The search used the following descriptors: gender identity, pain, gender role combined by the Boolean operator AND/OR (gender identity) AND pain AND gender role AND pain, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. At the end of the selection, 11 studies were included for this review. All the investigations recovered on the subject are clinical laboratory studies. Regarding the influence of the gender identity and its role in pain perception, most of the studies (91%) show that this variable was a contributing factor to the differences observed in perception (tolerance/pain threshold) and the need to communicate the pain. CONCLUSION: In experimental pain, a higher degree of femininity or female social roles are associated with lower thresholds and less tolerance to pain, as well as a greater natural tendency to communicate pain sensation. These results are independent of the type of stimulus, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.
Men and women seem to have different susceptibilities to disease and dissimilar responses to pain. These differences are not well understood. Understanding those variations between men and women from the perspective of gender identity can contribute to disparities observed in the health field. Since 1980, efforts have been made to develop instruments that can help to categorize individuals according to their own gender perception. One of these, recently developed, is the Traditional Masculinity and Femininity Scale (TMFs). The advantage of this scale is to allow the gender self-identification without the need for attributes. The aim of this study is to present the process of cross cultural adaptation of the TMFs for applicability in studies in the Brazilian population. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps: 1) authorization by the authors; 2) initial translation into Portuguese; 3) cultural, conceptual, experimental and idiomatic adaptation to the target population; 4) retroversion; 5) assessment by a revision committee; and 6) pretest. The equivalence of measurement, corresponding to the psychometric properties to a gold standard, is in progress. In conclusion, the original version of the TMF scale, having been translated, culturally adapted, and validated into Brazilian Portuguese has proven to be a reliable instrument that is easy to use, and can be used in both clinical practice and clinical trials in the evaluation of gender identity.Keywords: Gender Identity. Transcultural Adaptation. Surveys and Questionnaires.ResumoHomens e mulheres parecem ter diferentes suscetibilidades às doenças e respostas diferentes à dor. Essas disparidades não são bem compreendidas. A compreensão dessas variações entre homens e mulheres na perspectiva da identidade de gênero pode contribuir para as disparidades observadas no campo da saúde. Desde a década de 1980, esforços têm sido feitos para desenvolver instrumentos que possam ajudar a categorizar os indivíduos de acordo com sua própria percepção de gênero. Uma delas, recentemente desenvolvida, é a Escala de Masculinidade e Feminilidade Tradicionais (TMFs). A vantagem desta escala é permitir a auto identificação do gênero sem a necessidade de atributos. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural dos TMFs para aplicabilidade em estudos na população brasileira. A adaptação transcultural seguiu os passos: 1) autorização dos autores; 2) tradução inicial para o português; 3) adaptação cultural, conceitual, experimental e idiomática à população-alvo; 4) retroversão; 5) avaliação por um comitê de revisão; e 6) pré-teste. A equivalência de medida, correspondente às propriedades psicométricas de um padrão ouro, está em andamento. Em conclusão, a versão original da escala TMF, traduzida, adaptada culturalmente e validada para o português brasileiro, mostrou-se um instrumento confiável e de fácil utilização, podendo ser utilizada tanto na prática clínica quanto nas pesquisas para a avaliação da identidade de gênero.Palavras-chave: Identidade de Gênero. Adaptação Transcultural. Inquéritos e Questionários.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Auriculotemporal neuralgia is an uncommon condition. Symptoms are brief severe pain attacks, especially in the temporal region. Although many cranial neuralgias are related to nervous compression, they may be present without identifiable etiologic factors. This study aimed at describing a case of primary auriculotemporal neuralgia and respective therapeutic approach. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 72 years old, presented for assistance reporting severe pain in left temporal region, described as shock and of very short duration. After clinical evaluation and imaging exams, no significant changes were detected. Patient has satisfactorily responded to carbamazepine. CONCLUSION: This case shows that auriculotemporal neuralgia has clinical presentation similar to other neuralgias. Diagnosis is primarily obtained by pain characteristics evaluation and exclusion of possible secondary causes. Keywords: Auriculotemporal nerve, Auriculotemporal neuralgia, Neuropathic pain. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:A neuralgia do aurículotem-poral é uma condição rara. Os sintomas consistem em ataques de dor intensa, de curta duração, sobretudo na região temporal. Embora muitos casos de neuralgias cranianas sejam relacionados à compressão nervosa, podem ocorrer sem fatores etiológicos identificáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever um caso de neuralgia auriculotemporal primária e respectiva conduta terapêutica. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do gênero masculino, 72 anos, compareceu para atendimento relatando dor intensa em região temporal esquerda, descrita como choque, de curtíssima duração. Após avaliação clínica e exames de imagens, não foram detectadas alterações significativas. O paciente respondeu de forma satisfatória à carbamazepina. Primary auriculotemporal neuralgia. Case report
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