A stillbirth is a baby born with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks' gestation, while preterm births are those which occur between 28 weeks to 32 weeks of gestation. Approximately 3.2 million stillbirths occur annually in low-and middle-income countries. The aim of this paper is to review the present status of the stillbirths and identify the underlying factors of stillbirths in India. A search of PubMed and other search engines were conducted to retrieve the literature pertaining to neonatal and perinatal health in India. It was found that women face many difficulties due to accessibility, availability, affordability and quality issues when utilizing healthcare facilities during pregnancy. Several studies based on stillbirths also revealed the social aspects of perinatal grief. Stillbirths are bounded by high family pressures and social stigma. A review also revealed that half of all stillbirths occur in India, Pakistan, Nigeria, China and Bangladesh alone. These countries also account for a high number of maternal and newborn deaths. India has highest number of stillbirths in the world-the rates range from 20 to 66 per 1000 births in different states. It was also found that healthcare and socio-cultural factors contribute to the increase in the number of stillbirths in India. These issues highlight the need for urgent action and interventions to be taken by the government and other organization to improve the situation of stillbirths in India. Early neonatal deaths and stillbirths usually have obstetric causes, and are largely preventable if good quality obstetric care is made available at the right time. Initiatives for strengthening the information management system at the grassroots level to report stillbirths on a regular basis are necessary to improve the neonatal health indicators in India.
Los contenidos de este libro se estructuran en torno a dos acontecimientos: el primero, con un peso mayor en los capítulos que lo componen, lo constituyen los hechos ocurridos la noche del paro del 21 de noviembre del 2019 (21N) en Cali y los sucesos relacionados con el toque de queda que se decretó esa misma noche. En segundo lugar, la posterior aparición de la pandemia producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2 denominado COVID-19, con sus múltiples consecuencias, principalmente las sanitarias, sociales y económicas. De esta manera, este texto, de marcado tono ensayístico, pretende ofrecer elementos para un debate abierto e inacabado, que excede los dos hechos mencionados que lo posibilitaron, para dimensionar de forma general los aspectos discursivos y prácticas discriminatorias y violentas relacionadas a ciertos acontecimientos sociales que vienen a operar como detonantes y síntomas de imaginarios y representaciones sociales preexistentes.
Este artículo está orientado a presentar los aspectos más relevantes de la exploración que ha venido realizando el Seminario de Sociología del Diseño (vinculado al Programa de Sociología y al Departamento de Humanidades de la Universidad Icesi) acerca de las relaciones que, en sociedad, se tejen entre la Sociología y el Diseño, cuando se asumen ambos como campos de prácticas que producen sentido acerca de lo social y sirven a su interpretación.
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