Lead (Pb) is a naturally occurring heavy metal neurotoxicant that causes many deleterious effects in humans, even in small quantities (e.g., Assi et al., 2016;Dórea, 2019). It is a biologically non-essential element that is especially detrimental to young children (e.g., Koller et al., 2004). In the United States (U.S.), it has largely been phased out of products, most notably leaded gasoline and paint, but remains in many urban environments as a form of legacy pollution (e.g., Laidlaw et al., 2012). Thus, modern sources of Pb are primarily lead paint in older homes and soil/dusts that contain remnants of both leaded paint and gasoline. Ingestion and inhalation of paint, soil, and dust containing elevated levels of Pb still pose a health risk, particularly for children due to their increased handto-mouth behavior (e.g.,
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