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(-7 pp.). Participation in school sporting activities reduces the likelihood of being overweight only for students of middle and low SES (-5,5 pp.). For adolescents of high SES, the distance between their school and the nearest fast food restaurant decreases the likelihood of being overweight (-4.7 pp. per km.). Conclusions:The determinants of overweight differ by SES. Public policy design should consider socioeconomic inequalities that characterize the Chilean reality. (Rev Med Chile 2015; 143: 598-605)

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Literarisch-fiktionales und faktuales ErzählenWas unterscheidet Wirklichkeitserzählungen von literarischen Erzählungen? Wir wollen den Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Arten des Erzählens präziser als den Gegensatz zwischen jaktualen und fiktionalen Texten bestimmen. Häufig begegnet man der Ansicht, das Besondere an literarischen Erzählungen (an Romanen, Kurzgeschichten etc.) sei, dass sie keine realen, sondern fiktive (d.h. erfundene) Geschehnisse schilderten. In der bekannten Unterscheidung der aristoteli\Vir werden unten zeigen, dass sich der faktuale Wirklichkeitsbezug auch in anderer Weise ausdrucken kann: >so soll es sein< oder >so wird es sein<.

In this paper, we analyze the schooling alternatives of families that could face school closure. This article identifies, characterizes, and georeferences the institutions classified as low-performing by the SEP Law along with their closest alternatives. The findings indicate that a significant number of families do not have any quality alternatives nearby, particularly families in rural areas and/ or in schools with a high percentage of low SES students. Additionally, when admissions barriers and family preferences are incorporated in the analysis, school alternatives are considerably reduced. Alternatives are further reduced when using a more stringent definition of school quality.

Los diversos sistemas educativos en el mundo persiguen objetivos tanto públicos como privados. Específicamente, deben intentar conciliar el permitir mayor libertad para que las escuelas puedan responder a los objetivos privados de las familias con preservar un modelo educacional que entregue una experiencia educacional colectiva para mantener una sociedad cohesionada. Usando datos de PISA 2009, este trabajo examina de forma exploratoria las posibles implicancias que tendría el tipo de financiamiento y tipo de provisión (pública o privada) en el logro de los siguientes cuatro objetivos que han sido planteados para la educación: (a) libertad de elección, (b) eficiencia productiva, (c) equidad, y (d) cohesión social. En términos generales, se encuentra que existen tensiones en el logro de objetivos privados y públicos de forma simultánea. Sin embargo, existen algunas políticas públicas que logran reducir estas tensiones, mientras que otras tienden a incrementarla.

Predicting corporate failure is an important management science problem. This is a typical classification question where the objective is to determine which indicators are involved in the failure/success of a corporation. Despite the importance of this problem, until now only classical machine learning tools have been considered to tackle this classification task. The objective of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, we introduce novel discerning measures to rank independent variables in a generic classification task. On the other hand, we apply boosting techniques to improve the accuracy of a classification tree. We apply this methodology to a set of European firms, considering the usual predicting variables such as financial ratios, as well as including novel variables rarely used before in corporate failure prediction, such as firm size, activity and legal structure. We show that our approach decreases the generalization error about thirty percent with respect to the error produced with a classification tree. In addition, the most important ratios deal with profitability and indebtedness, as is usual in failure prediction studies.