The purpose of this work is to check if additive manufacturing technologies are suitable for reproducing porous samples designed for sound absorption. The work is an inter-laboratory test, in which the production of samples and their acoustic measurements are carried out independently by different laboratories, sharing only the same geometry codes describing agreed periodic cellular designs. Different additive manufacturing technologies and equipment are used to make samples. Although most of the results obtained from measurements performed on samples with the same cellular design are very close, it is shown that some discrepancies are due to shape and surface imperfections, or microporosity, induced by the manufacturing process. The proposed periodic cellular designs can be easily reproduced and are suitable for further benchmarking of additive manufacturing techniques for rapid prototyping of acoustic materials and metamaterials.

A generalization of the commonly used pressure jump modeling of thin porous layers is proposed. The starting point is a transfer matrix model of the layer derived using matrix exponentials. First order expansions of the propagating terms lead to a linear approximation of the associated phenomena and the resulting matrix is further simplified based on physical assumptions. As a consequence, the equivalent fluid parameters used in the model may be reduced to simpler expressions and the transfer matrix rendered sparser. The proposed model is validated for different backing conditions, from normal to grazing incidence and for a wide range of thin films. In the paper, the physical hypotheses are discussed, together with the origin of the field jumps.

Summary A coupling approach is presented to combine a wave‐based method to the standard finite element method. This coupling methodology is presented here for the Helmholtz equation but it can be applied to a wide range of wave propagation problems. While wave‐based methods can significantly reduce the computational cost, especially at high frequencies, their efficiency is hampered by the need to use small elements to resolve complex geometric features. This can be alleviated by using a standard finite element model close to the surfaces to model geometric details and create large, simply‐shaped areas to model with a wave‐based method. This strategy is formulated and validated in this paper for the wave‐based discontinuous Galerkin method together with the standard finite element method. The coupling is formulated without using Lagrange multipliers and results demonstrate that the coupling is optimal in that the convergence rates of the individual methods are maintained.