No abstract
Ẓihār tidak jatuh kecuali dari suami, hal tersebut merupakan kesepakatan jumhur. Namun jika terdapat istri berkata kepada suaminya “Engkau bagiku seperti punggung ayahku,” maka terjadi silang pendapat mengenai konsekuensi perkataan istri tersebut. Jumhur memandang tidak sah ẓihār yang dilakukan istri sebagaimana dalam surah al-Mujādalah ayat 3, sehingga tidak ada kafarat baginya, baik kafarat ẓihār ataupun sumpah. namun hal ini berbeda dengan perkataan Ibnu Qudāmah, meskipun ia tidak menganggap ẓihār yang dilakukan istri jatuh, namun ia tetap mengharuskan istri menunaikan kafarat ẓihār jika suami mencampurinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapat serta istinbāṭ hukum yang digunakan oleh Ibnu Qudāmah, serta mengaitkannya dengan pandangan tinjauan hukum islam mengenai persoalan tersebut
Perkembangan teknologi otomotif merupakan salah satu yang paling pesat di Indonesia. Dari meningkatkan kendaraan dan inovasi terbaru hingga menyempurnakan produk yang sudah ada. Sehingga banyak produk yang membuat kendaraan semakin diminati oleh konsumen. Hal ini dapat memberikan kendaraan terbaik bagi konsumen. Berdasarkan observasi yang telah peneliti lakukan di beberapa bengkel yang ada di kota Padang. Dari pendapat beberapa mekanik bahwa untuk performa mesin yang tinggi, Anda bisa memodifikasi komponen atau mesin tersebut. Masyarakat beranggapan dengan mengganti camshaft dapat meningkatkan torsi dan tenaga, yang kondisi tersebut belum dibuktikan dengan menggunakan alat uji standar. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggantian camshaft untuk perhitungan ekonomi bahan bakar dan emisi rendah. Sehingga dapat digunakan untuk setiap hari. Sehingga peneliti memfokuskan pada penggantian variasi camshaft dengan perubahan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh perubahan camshaft terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik. Didapat hasil bahwa pada putaran mesin 1750 rpm. Pada putaran mesin 1750 rpm konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik camshaft standard lebih besar yaitu sebesar 0,165 kg/kWh, dibandingkan camshaft racing 0,092 kg/kWh, pada putaran mesin 2500 rpm konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik camshaft standard menurun drastis menjadi 0,062 kg/kWh, dan camshaft racing menjadi 0,070 kg/kWh, pada putaran mesin 4500 rpm terjadi peningkatan pada camshaft racing yaitu sebesar 0,091 kg/kWh, Terakhir pada putaran mesin 6500 rpm camshaft racing memiliki konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik yang lebih besar 0,186 kg/kWh, dan camshaft standard menjadi 0,135 kg /kWh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada camshaft standard emisi gas buang CO 0,03% dan HC 27 ppm. Pada camshaft racing emisi gas buang CO 0,13% dan HC 236 ppm
The Velocity Air Intake System is an important component in a motor vehicle engine, particularly in a 155cc engine. Its function is to optimize the airflow process to the throttle body or carburetor. However, many users or people tend to overlook the significance of improving engine performance by varying the model or replacing the velocity air intake system itself. One common issue is the diameter and shape of the airflow model, which can affect the power, torque, and exhaust emissions produced. Installing a velocity air intake system is one approach to achieve an efficient air delivery process into the combustion chamber. In our research conducted using a dyno test on a 155cc four-stroke engine, the results showed that using a 46 mm size yielded the highest power of 11.03 Hp and produced a torque of 12.39 N.m. Using a 47 mm size resulted in 11.02 Hp and decreased the torque to 12.28 N.m. With a 48 mm size, there was a decrease in power to 11.00 Hp and an increase in torque to 12.72 N.m, while using a 45 mm size led to a decrease in power to 10.09 Hp and produced a torque of 11.31 N.m.
In recent years, rapid developments in technology have placed books and notebooks into the mobile phones and tablets and also the dictionaries into these small boxes. Giant dictionaries, which we once barely managed to carry, have been replaced by mobile dictionaries through which we can reach any words we want with only few touches. Mobile dictionaries with their audiovisual contents have become an important source for vocabulary teaching. Further studies are needed to use this source in a more efficient way and to benefit from it more effectively. Starting from this point, this study elaborates on the use of mobile dictionaries in vocabulary teaching. In the first place, advantages and the limits of the use of these dictionaries in vocabulary teaching are tried to be determined students viewpoint to them and how frequently they are used. In light of the emerging data, new ways are sought to use these dictionaries as a more efficient teaching material. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to seventy-eight students of Wiralodra University Indramayu in 2016-2017 academic year. A survey form was prepared by receiving opinion of an expert and reviewing related literature. Descriptive statistic techniques were used in the analysis of data gathered. At the end of the study, almost all students expressed that they were constantly using mobile dictionaries to learn vocabulary. Besides, students put forth the advantages and limits of them. We hope this study will make contribution to studies regarding more efficient way to use of these dictionaries in vocabulary teaching.
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