In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model of a yarn pullout test for plain woven fabrics is introduced. The main focus of the study is on the realization of a 3D fabric geometrical model, the incorporation of anisotropic material properties and the validation of yarn and fabric finite element meso-models using experimental results. The material properties of yarn and fabric were assumed to be linear orthotropic. The required engineering constants were obtained from experimentally-measured tensile, compression and shear diagrams. The accuracy of the applied engineering constants was investigated by finite element (FE) modeling of yarn pure bending. The yarn pullout test was modeled with the Abaqus FE package. The fabric sample was modeled with solid elements for the weft and warp yarns in the interlacing points, which are directly involved in the yarn pullout, plus shell elements for the parts of the fabric that undergo only shear deformation. The effects of the geometrical model and material anisotropy were investigated and the predicted force—displacement profiles of the yarn pullout test were compared with experimental measurements.
The purpose of this study is to consider the influence of laminating temperature on nanofiber/laminate properties. Hot-press laminating was carried out at five different temperatures and nanofiber web morphology was observed under an optical microscope. Also, air permeability experiments were performed to examine the effect of laminating temperature on breathability of multilayer fabric. Optical microscope images showed that the nanofiber web began to damage when laminating temperature was selected above the melting point of adhesive layer. Air permeability decreased with increasing laminating temperature. It is also observed that the adhesive force between layers was increased by increasing laminating temperature.
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