ZAFAR, M.; NAEEM-UL-HASSAN NAQVI, S.; AHMED, M. & KAIMKHANI, Z. A. Altered liver morphology and enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Morphol., 27(3):719-725, 2009. SUMMARY:This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship and effects of diabetes on liver morphology, architecture and function. The hepatic effects of diabetes were evaluated in vivo using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as an experimental model. The degree of hepatic dysfunction was measured by using biochemical parameters like serum transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) while the histopathological studies were carried out to support the enzymic Parameters. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between diabetic hepatic complications and liver enzyme alterations. This study was performed in the . Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, b.w.) given intraperitoneally in sodium citrate buffer at pH 4.5. Eighty albino rats were divided into five groups: control (A) and STZ treated (B, C, D, and E) which were sacrificed 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post treatment respectively. Histopathological examination of liver showed accumulation of lipid droplets, lymphocytic infiltration, increased fibrous content, dilatation and congestion of portal vessels and proliferation of bile ducts. Increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ALP and PChE were observed in the liver. It seems that the diabetic complications in the liver like hepatocyte destruction etc. are likely to be due to alterations in enzyme levels. ZAFAR, M.; NAEEM-UL-HASSAN NAQVI, S.; AHMED, M. & KAIMKHANI, Z. A. Altered liver morphology and enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Morphol., 27(3):719-725, 2009.
SUMMARY:We studied the effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on kidney morphology, anatomy, architecture and on the activities of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) in albino rats. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between diabetic kidney complications and kidney enzyme alterations. This study was performed in the Department of Anatomy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi and Pathology department of College of Physicians & Surgeons (CPSP) Pakistan in 2007-08. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, b.w.) given intraperitoneally in sodium citrate buffer at pH 4.5. Eighty (80) albino rats were divided into five groups: control (A) and STZ treated (B, C, D, and E) which were sacrificed 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post treatment respectively. Histopathology of kidney showed lesions similar to human glomerulosclerosis, glomerular membrane thickening, arteriolar hyalinization and tubular necrosis. Increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) were observed in the kidney. It seems that the diabetic complications in the kidney are likely to be associated with alterations in enzyme levels.
In order to study the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat (cv. Inqalab), a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of the Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam. The soil was artificially salinized to a range of salinity levels i.e. EC 2.16, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 dS•m −1 with different salts (MgCl 2 + CaCl 2 + Na 2 SO 4). The salinized soil used for the experiment was sandy clay in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH > 7.0) and moderate in organic matter (0.95%) content. The results showed that with increasing salinity there was an increase in the ECe, Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cl − and decrease in the K + , SAR and ESP values of the soil Increasing salinity, progressively decreased plant height, spike length, number of spikelets spike −1 1000 grain weight and yield (straw and grain). Adverse effects of salts on plants were associated with the accumulation of less K + and more Na + and Cl − in their flag leaf sap, grains and straw. This resulted in lower K + :5Na + ratio in flag leaf sap, grains and straw of wheat plants. These results indicated that the effects of salts stress were greater at 10 than at 8, 6 and 4 EC dS•m −1 .
The present research work was carried out at Southern Wheat Research Station, Tandojam during the growing season 2013-14 in order to work out correlation and regression analysis for yield traits in wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Eight bread wheat genotypes such as Mehran, Sarsabz, TJ-83, SKD-1, Inqlab, A. Sattar, Sehar and Sassui were used to examine correlation and regression. Seven traits, viz.; plant height, tillers plant −1 , spike length, spikelet's spike −1 , grains spike −1 , seed index and grain yield plant −1 were studied. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for plant height, tillers plant −1 , spike length, spikelet's spike −1 , grains spike −1 , seed index and grain yield plant −1. Based on mean performance, variety Sarsabz gave maximum plant height (95.46), produced maximum tillers plant −1 (4.40), gave more grain spike −1 (63.13), TJ-83 gave highest seed index (47.260), and was next ranker in spike length −1 (12.07), spikelet's spike −1 (19.13), grains spike −1 (59.86), and grain yield plant −1 (9.86) among the genotypes. The phenotypic correlations revealed that tillers plant −1 and grains spike −1 were highly positively associated; hence these yield components can be used as reliable selection criteria to improve grain yield in wheat. Thus estimation of correlation and regression analysis among yield and yield components may provide effective selection criteria to improve wheat grain yield. The results from correlation and regression of plant height indicated significantly positive association with spikelet's spike −1 , tillers plant −1 and grains spike −1 which revealed that increase in plant height will cause corresponding increase in associated traits.
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