o E p , electron spin resonance (ESR) signals related to dangling bonds were observed. When HLEBI cut the chemical bonds and generated dangling bonds with nonbonding electrons in PTFE and PDMS, the electrons induced the chemical bonding and intermolecular attractive force. HLEBI induced strong adhesive force of laminated sheets was explained by the discussion. Therefore, it was concluded that HLEBI was a useful tool for quick lamination of bio-adaptable PDMS and high strength PTFE.
The effects of homogenous electron beam (EB) irradiation on the crystal growth and thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi-Se-Te and p-type Bi-Sb-Te thin films were investigated. Both types of thin films were prepared by flash evaporation, after which homogeneous EB irradiation was performed at an acceleration voltage of 0.17 MeV. For the n-type thin films, nanodots with a diameter of less than 10 nm were observed on the surface of rice-like nanostructures, and crystallization and crystal orientation were improved by EB irradiation. The resulting enhancement of mobility led to increased electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factor for the n-type thin films. In contrast, the crystallization and crystal orientation of the p-type thin films were not influenced by EB irradiation. The carrier concentration increased and mobility decreased with increased EB irradiation dose, possibly because of the generation of defects. As a result, the thermoelectric power factor of p-type thin films was not improved by EB irradiation. The different crystallization behavior of the n-type and p-type thin films is attributed to atomic rearrangement during EB irradiation. Selenium in the n-type thin films is more likely to undergo atomic rearrangement than the other atoms present, so only the crystallinity of the n-type Bi-Se-Te thin films was enhanced.
Bio-adaptable 2-layer polyurethane/polytetrafluoroethylene (PU/PTFE) laminated sheets were prepared by a new adhesion method, a double-step treatment consisting of: (1) applying low dose <0.65 MGy homogeneous low energy electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to the 2-layer assembly where the HLEBI penetrates through the PU and PTFE layers, respectively, prior to: (2) hot-press under 5 MPa and 403 K. Although the adhesion of the PU/PTFE sheets cannot be observed without the new double-step treatment, bonding forces were created as evidenced by the mean adhesive forces of peeling resistance ( o F p ). Based on the 3-parameter Weibull equation, the lowest o F p value at P p of zero (F s ) could be estimated. An increasing trend in F s occurs by the double-step treatment applying HLEBI up to 0.43 MGy reaching a maximum at 0.38 Nm ¹1 , improving the safety level without radiation damage. When HLEBI cuts the chemical bonds and generates dangling bonds with nonbonding electrons in PU and PTFE, the created adhesion between the laminated sheets can be explained. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) surface analysis of the PU/PTFE laminated sheets after the peeling tests, fluorine (F) was detected on the PU peeled surface, indicating the strong chemical bonding generated by the double-step treatment. For these reasons, double-step treatment is a useful method for quick lamination of PU and PTFE with sterilization without the use of glue.
¹1 at low P p (0.06) at 77 K, indicator of high industrial reliability of production process, was 0.33 MGy, which was more than 3.7 times broader than that at 298 K. Based on the 3-parameter Weibull equation, the lowest o F p value at P p of zero (F s ) could be estimated. The 0.22 MGy-HLEBI at 77 K apparently improves the F s , which was higher than that 0.22 MGy-HLEBI at 298 K. Decreasing the irradiation temperature from 298 to 77 K controlled the rapid adhesion and rapid decay of adhesion at low-P p , which were mainly caused by the low forming ability of dangling bonds induced by strong apparent bonding force, which is related to decreasing atoms vibration energy. Since the 0.22 MGy-HLEBI at 77 K controlled the recovery of dangling bonds and generated the chemical bonds, the strong adhesive force of PTFE/PDMS treated by 0.22 MGy-HLEBI at 77 K could be explained. Therefore, HLEBI under liquid nitrogen was useful tool for quick strong PTFE/PDMS lamination with sterilization for bio-adaptable application.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.