Pain assessment and management require nurses to be equipped with adequate knowledge and proper attitudes. This research aimed to assess undergraduate nursing students' knowledge and attitude regarding pain management in children. Descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized. This work was implemented at Faculty of Nursing in Assiut University. The study subjects consisted of convenient sample of undergraduate nursing students at third and fourth year during the academic year 2015-2016. One tool was used for this study consisted of two parts: part I: Demographic questionnaire, and part II: Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PNKAS). Fifty-six percent of undergraduate nursing students had unsatisfactory score regarding PNKAS. The highest percentage 76.2% of participating students had less than 50% of total score of knowledge and attitude regarding pain especially to pharmacological information. The study concluded that nursing students had poor knowledge and attitude regarding pain management by using PNKAS especially in the part of pain assessment and pharmacological pain management. The more contact with pediatric patients the higher the knowledge and positive attitudes among undergraduate nursing students. The study recommended that the pediatric staff should review the curriculum to enrich more about assessment and management of pain.

Objective: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional construct that includes physical and psychosocial functioning, has emerged as an important outcome in pediatric population with chronic health conditions. The study objectives are to measure the quality of life among children with type I diabetes compared to healthy peers and to determine factors affecting the QOL among children with type I diabetes. Methods: Analytic cross sectional study was conducted in Sidi Galal health insurance outpatient clinic for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a comparison group of healthy peers was taken from other outpatient clinics. A total of four hundred and twelve children, aged from 8-18 years with type 1 diabetes and four hundred and twelve healthy peers matched in age and sex were interviewed. Three tools were used for this study: Demographic questionnaire, Socio-economic scale, and Peds QL4.0 Generic Core Scale was used to measure HRQOL. Results: The mean age of studied children was 12.9 ± 3.2. More than 60% of children with diabetes had uncontrolled glycemic level and 60% of them were in low socio-economic level. Children with diabetes had significantly lower HRQOL than healthy children in all domains. Age, glycemic control status and birth order of the diabetic children showed no significance difference regarding the QOL. Disease duration affected only the emotional function of the QOL and females showed significantly higher score regarding school functioning. Social, school and the total QOL scores were significantly higher among children with highly educated mothers while father's education affected the emotional, school and total QOL scores. Children in the middle and high social class showed significantly higher scores regarding social, school and total QOL. Presence of diabetic parent positively affected the social functioning while had negative effect on the school function of children with type I diabetes. Conclusions and recommendations: Diabetes is negatively affecting all the QOL functioning of the children. We recommend that Integrated programs between child's home, school and health insurance clinics for educating and supporting children with diabetes to improve their HRQOL.

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Background: Colostomies are common in pediatric surgical practice. Despite improvements in surgical methods, surgical morbidity and complications rates are still high; Peristomal skin complications affect 18%-73% of children So this study aimed to assess post-operative peristomal skin complications in children with colostomy. Descriptive research design was used in this study. Subjects included 30 children with colostomy from pediatric surgical unit in Assiut University Children Hospital and Pediatric Surgery clinic. Two tools were used for gathering the necessary data which included a structured questionnaire for personal and medical data of children and Ostomy Skin Tool to assess the condition of peristomal skin complications. Results showed that, (66.7%) of children had moderate peristomal skin complications at one week from the operation while at the first month; two fifths of children had severe complications. At the second month, (66.7%) of children had severe peristomal skin complications while majority of them in the third month had severe complications. Conclusion discoloration and erosion complications were the most peristomal skin complications that occurred after colostomy. Therefore, it is recommended that further research should be expanded to include a larger sample, focusing on effects of peristomal skin problems on the child and family.

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