Honey-locust (Gleditschia triacanthos) seeds, like those of many leguminous species, have hard and impermeable coats. Germination is thought to be enhanced when seeds are scarified or soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid or hot water. This experiment was separated into two parts: Scarification methods and stratification investigation. The result from the first experiment showed that acid scarification treatment for 1 hour was the best method for breaking their dormant period. However in the second experiment it was found that the honey locust seeds like those of many leguminous species do not have dormant embryo, because stratification did not affect seed germination and there was no significant difference between stratification treatment and control. It can be concluded that acid scarification without stratification is optimized in breaking honey-locust seed dormancy.
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentration of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting ability of semi-hardwood Bougainvillea flower. The treatments were control (without IBA), 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm IBA. The cuttings were treated with IBA solution for 7 seconds and immediately transferred to the rooting medium. Perlite was used as a rooting substrate. Treatment was evaluated in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. According to the obtained results, there was no significant difference between IBA treatment and control on rooting percentage. The best effect of different levels of IBA on the number of root (8.67 roots per plant) was obtained at 2000 ppm IBA. The highest root length (151.42 mm) was observed at control and there was no significant difference between control and 2000, 4000 ppm IBA. It can be concluded that using perlite as a rooting substrate without using IBA (control) affected rooting ability in bougainvillea flower.
Background: In the current study, simultaneous extraction and concentration of the analytes from the headspace on the solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber were followed by transferring the essential oil components of Salvia hydrangea DC to the headspace with the help of a heating source. Methods: The essential oil components of the plant were extracted and concentrated in a single step. A one-at-the-time optimization procedure was applied to the microextraction conditions by using the nanocomposite fiber of polypyrrole/SBA-15. Results: The results of the essential oil extraction of Salvia hydrangea clearly demonstrated that polypyrrole/SBA-15 fibers were efficient with SPME technique. The acceptable SPME precision in our study was corroborated by the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 15%. Conclusion: In comparison to the hydro-distillation (HD) method, the SPME technique could equally provide monitoring of almost all the constituents of the studied essential oil in an easier way and shorter time with much lower amounts of the plant sample. The results of the essential oil extraction of Salvia hydrangea clearly demonstrated that polypyrrole/SBA-15 fibers were efficient with SPME technique.
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