The question of how to retain the existing employees is answered by attractive compensation, friendly leadership, balance between work life conflicts and healthy work environment. This study looks into this phenomenon by seeking empirical justification in this regard and considering the work-life conflicts, compensation, leadership and working conditions as main contributory factors towards employees' job performance. The goal of this research work is to answer the queries which prevail in the minds of employers in corporate sector of Pakistan due to various organizational factors which significantly influence the employees' job performance. The study identifies the those independent variables whose factors have significant effect on employees' motivation level and that in turn improve employees' job performance using original data collected from employees in eight companies. A 5-point Likert scale rated questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. The scales used in the study were adopted from past research works and were based on five-point Likert scale. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from two hundred and forty respondents in Lahore, Pakistan. Out of two hundred and forty questionnaires distributed, only two hundred questionnaires were received back (Response rate = 83%) which are used in the data analysis. The analysis entails that all the variables of the study prevail in corporate sector of Pakistan except the effect working conditions on employee job performance as shown by the insignificant correlation (.094) among working conditions and employee job performance. Independent variables such as leadership and compensation had a significant positive impact on the dependent variable, employee job performance (.198** & .157* respectively), whereas the independent variable of work-life conflicts had a significant but negative correlation (-.147*) with employee job performance. The most important evidence which this study purports, as far as it relates to an emerging market economy, is that working conditions has a weak an insignificant relation with employees' job performance.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of iris colour and its relationship to myopia. Methods: A multi-centered, multi-disciplined, cross-sessional study was conducted From March 2021 to December 2021. 300 individuals ranging in age from 11 to 25 years were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. All the patients had a maximum of 6 hours of screen time. Mild, moderate and severe degree of myopia was included. All subjects were examined for refraction, and slit lamp examination was performed to compare slit lamp photos to an iris colour grading scheme. Results: Of the 300 subjects 188 (62.66 %) of the participants were female, with mild 70(23 %), moderate 51(17%), and severe 67 (22.33 %) myopia, while 112 (37.33 %) of the participants were male, with mild 45(15 %), moderate 40(13.33%), and severe 27(9 %) myopia. 90% of the participants in the study had Grade 3, 4 and 5 iris color.Subjects with darker iris colors had more myopic refractive error. Study results indicate patients with Grade 5 iris color had a higher likelihood of becoming myopic (p 0.001). Conclusion: Darker iris color was linked to higher myopia-related refractive errors, even when other known myopia-related risk variables were taken into account. Keywords: Refractive Errors, Myopia, Iris , Risk factor
Purpose: Young individuals regularly consume a wide range of drinks with caffeine content. In this study, healthy young subjects' intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated in relation to energy drinks, tea,coffee and water. Methodology: A prospective longitudinal, multi-centered study was conducted from March 2022 to August 2022. Data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 100 subjects of both genders (male and female) age ranging between 15 to 30 years were included. A thorough ophthalmic examination was required for subjects to satisfy a set of study protocol, that included not suffering any ocular diseases, intraocular pressure of 10-20 mmHg, absence of systemic diseases. Exclusion criteria included patient who had undergone anterior and posterior segment ophthalmic surgeries. The participants were randomized into four groups at random. Each group comprises of 25 subjects. IOP was measured before as baseline and after 60 min of intake. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 100 subjects 77 were female and 33 were male. The first group consumed tea, the second group coffee, the third group energy drinks, and the fourth group water. Baseline IOP on average in each group water, tea, coffee and energy drink intake was 15.58 ± 1.79, 15.49 ± 1.87, 15.23 ± 1.05, 15.68 ± 1.32 respectively. While IOP was 14.89±2.01, 15.01 ± 1.23, 15.67±1.98 and 16.01 ± 2.33 after 60 minutes of consuming water, tea, coffee, and energy drinks. IOP fluctuations between before and after consuming water, tea, coffee, and energy drinks were 0.69, 0.48, -0.75, and -1.29. Practical Implication: This study has important clinical implications since it may help people realise they should limit their intake of certain beverages in order to lower their intraocular pressure (IOP). No research on the impact of beverages on intraocular pressure (IOP) has been done in Pakistan, as far as we are aware. This led to the formulation of the current investigation. Conclusion: Two groups demonstrated an increase in IOP, whereas the IOP in the other two groups declined. Compared to tea consumption, which has a modest quantity of caffeine, consuming coffee and energy drinks raises intraocular pressure. This study suggested avoidance of coffee and energy drinks intake should be emphasized prior to IOP measurement to avoid any potential error. Keywords: intraocular pressure, beverages, energy drinks, tea, coffee, water
Purpose: The objective of the study was how Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy affected IOP and how it changed with the amount of energy utilised. Methods: A prospective, multi ccentered study was conducted between September 2021 to February 2022 in Ophthalmology Department departments. Total of sixty pseudophakic eyes of both genders, age ranging between 40 to 60 years with significant posterior capsular opacity following uncomplicated cataract surgery were included through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Inflammation, ocular malignancies, posterior segment disease, and systemic disease participants were all ruled excluded. After detailed history and ocular examination, Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was done. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of total amount of laser energy used was noted as high energy (>50mJ) and low energy (<50mJ) and then post-laser IOP after one hour and 24 hours measured. Data was analyzed by using SPSS through repeated measure ANOVA for comparison of quantitative variables. Results: Best corrected visual acuity after Nd: YAG capsulotomy improved significantly (P=0.001). Pre-laser IOP was 14.01± 2.95 mmHg. Mean high energy was 76mJ and low energy 40mJ. Elevated IOP was seen in 55 patients, significantly increase in IOP after 1 hour in both groups (P=0.000). After 24hours IOP change was significantly higher in high energy group (p=0.033) than in low energy. Post-laser IOP after 1 hour in high energy group was 21.89±4.59 mmHg and in low energy group 16.79±2.89 mmHg. IOP after 24hour in high energy group was 19.89± 3.05 mmHg and in low energy group 14.98±1.79 mmHg. Conclusions: After Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, there is a considerable increase in IOP, which varies depending on the overall amount of energy used. Greater the amount of Nd-YAG energy has significantly higher chances of raising IOP. Hence, it was suggested that each patient after Nd: YAG capsulotomy must monitored for IOP variation. Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Nd: YAG capsulotomy, Energy level, Posterior capsular opacity, Visual acuity
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the stereo acuity in anisometropic myopes and to compare efficacy of TNO and Titmus fly test. Methodology: The cross sectional study design was carried out from September 2021 to May 2022 at eye departments of different teaching hospitals of Punjab. A total study sample of 150 subjects age range between 11-33 years of both gender (male and female) having myopic anisometropia (with moderate and severe degree of anisometopia) were included in this study. All other types of refractive error except myopic anisometropes, all ocular pathologies and systemic pathologies were excluded from the study. After taking informed consent from the individual’s subject to undergo routine ophthalmological examinations, including slit lamp examination of the inner and posterior chamber of the eye and best corrected visual acuity of both eyes (BCVA). Steroacuity test TNO and Titmus were performed to evaluate the stereopsis of myopic anisometropes. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Independent sample t test was used for statistically analysis. Results: Results showed that stereopsis gets reduced by myopic anisometropia. As the level of anisometropia increase from 1D and above, the stereopsis deteriorates in case of myopic anisometropia Conclusion: TNO is considered more reliable as compared to Titmus fly test as the level of difficulty is more in TNO and is independent of monocular clues. Keywords: Depth perception, Myopic anisometropes, TNO test, Titmus stereoacuity test.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.