In endurance racing the heart rate (HR) of horses in the veterinary gates has to reach a maximum set to continue racing. There is no literature on the relationship between resting HR (HRresting) and HR after exercise (HRrecovery). This relationship was examined in seven horses and the results were related to their v4 (speed at which the blood lactate concentration is 4 mmol/L). Horses were submitted to an exercise test to determine v4. Thereafter, horses were exercised on a treadmill in randomized order for 10 and 60 min at different speeds. HR was measured before exercise and several times until 30 min of recovery. The relationship between HRresting and HRrecovery was significant in 16 out of 35 comparisons. There were no significant relationships between the v4 of the horses and their HRresting and between v4 and HRrecovery after 10 min of exercise, regardless of the speed of exercise, with one exception. The relationship between the v4 of the horses and their HRrecovery after 60 min of exercise was significant in the fifth minute after exercise at 3.5 m/s only. Conclusion: Because HRresting and HRrecovery are often related, pre-determined arbitrary HRrecovery values may not allow for fair competition during endurance racing.
Summary Objective Dyslipidemia is frequently observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The effects of OSAS treatment on lipid levels in these patients have been examined. Patients and Methods 95 consecutive patients (aged 56.6±9.5 years) with polysomnographically verified OSAS and LDL cholesterol levels of more than 130 mg per deciliter have been included in a prospective trial. Plasma total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) levels were determined in all patients at baseline and after long term therapy. Results Total cholesterol (249.9 ± 31.4 vs. 240.0 ± 34.1 mg/dL; p = 0.01) and LDL cholesterol levels (179.4 ± 29.4 vs. 165.5 ± 32.5 mg/dL; p < 0.001) decreased significantly after 6 months in patients effectively treated, while they did not change significantly in those OSAS patients in whom treatment proved to be ineffective. Body mass index, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) levels did not change during follow‐up. Both the change of total and LDL cholesterol levels were independently associated with treatment efficacy as indicated by the change of the apnea/hypopnea index. Conclusion The results suggest that effective treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing may have significant effects on the total and LDL cholesterol levels in OSAS patients.
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