This study was conducted from October 2016 to January 2017 at Lake Koftu, Sebeta ponds and selected private fish farms in Wonchi area, Ethiopia. The main objective was to identify the major parasites of Oreochromis niloticus to the lowest possible Taxa, thereby determine the prevalence, mean intensities and mean abundances of parasites. A total of 302 O. niloticus(101 from Lake Koftu, 127 from Sebeta pond and 72 from selected small scale fish farms) were collected and examined for the presence of parasites.The overall prevalence of all parasites in Lake Koftu, Sebeta ponds and private fish farms were found to be 100%, 71.0% and 82.2% respectively. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the study sites in overall prevalence. Nine Taxa of parasites were identified in Lake Koftu, the Trematode Tylodelpyes spp. being the most prevalent parasite (93.1%). In Sebeta fish ponds, 11 Taxa of parasites were recovered from O. niloticus with the most prevalent parasite being Trichodina (37.5%) and four Taxa of parasites from small scale fish farms were identified and the highest prevalent parasite being with Trichodina spp (53.25%). The study showed that fingerlings from Lake Koftu had high prevalence of parasitic infestation and hence may be source of parasites for others when used for stocking small scale fish farms requiring intervention measures such as deworming before being stocked to other farms.
Pesticides are the parent compounds, their metabolites, and associated impurities of agricultural and health chemical inputs. If they are found at concentration levels higher than the standard limits, they have potential negative impacts on the ecosystem in general and on fish and humans in particular. This study investigates organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residue occurrences in fish muscle and assesses their public health potential risks, in North West Ethiopia. The concentration of OCPs residue under gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC‐ECD) was detected in 37.84% of fish muscle samples. The mean amounts detected were Endosalfan I, 341.50 ± 32.19 μg/kg; Endosalfan II, 36.01 ± 2.3 μg/kg; Endosalfan sulfate, 5.43 ± 4.06 μg/kg; 4, 4, DDE (4,4‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), 64.01 ± 9.08 μg /kg; 4,4, DDD (4,4‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane), 5.65 ± 3.12 μg/kg; and 4, 4, DDT (4,4‐dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), 1.58 ± 0.30 μg/kg. The mean concentration of Endosalfan I tested in fish muscle samples was higher than that of the permissible limit of different international standards. However, due to the low per capita consumption rate of fish origin food in Ethiopia, the health risk index (HRI) ranges from 0.002 to 0.1275, which shows there is no public health risk. This study highlights the possibility of chemical residue occurrence in fish food products, and hence pesticide use regulations and monitoring concentration levels should be implemented regularly to avoid human and environmental health risks.
Pathogenic microorganisms can grow accidentally on fish origin human food and can be a cause of human food‐borne illness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence and microbial load pattern of Escherichia coli , Salmonella , Staphylococcus aureus , and Shigella spp. along the fish origin food value chain. A total of 396 fish samples were collected by a systematic random sampling technique of cooked and raw in the three species of fish. Fish muscles were tested using selective media, followed by conventional biochemical tests. The bacterial load was assessed using a standard plate count method. Whereas the fungal load were measured by cultured in a Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) medium. The overall prevalence was Escherichia coli 84 (21.21%), Salmonella 27 (6.82%), Staphylococcus aureus 19 (4.80%), and Shigella spp. 17 (4.29%). The average mean total coliform count was observed 1.2 × 10 2 cfu/g and 5.10 × 10 4 cfu/g in cooked and raw fish samples, respectively. Whereas total viable count mean of 8.05 × 10 4 cfu/g and 11.5 × 10 4 cfu/g in cooked and raw fish, respectively. The Fungal load counts under the range 5.6 × 10 1 cfu/g to 1.09 × 10 3 cfu/g were observed. The study has revealed that fish food in the study area has the possibility of microbial public health risk. Hence, it could be wise to improve the knowledge of key actors from harvesting to consumption to enhance the meals protection practices and high‐quality standards of fish foods.
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