s vi150NEURO-ONCOLOGY • NOVEMBER 2017enhancement on MRI to normalized PET probe uptake, which we termed the Immunotherapeutic Response Index (ITRI), delineated specific regions of immune inflammatory activity. On post-mortem examination, FACS-based enumeration of intracranial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes directly correlated with quantitative [18F]d-FAC PET probe uptake. Three GBM patients undergoing treatment with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination and PD-1 mAb blockade were also imaged using MRI and a clinical PET probe for dCK before and after therapy. [18F]-FAC is not clinically relevant due to rapid catabolism in humans, thus enhanced [18F]-Clofarabine ([18F] CFA) PET probe accumulation was identified in tumor and secondary lymphoid organs after immunotherapy. Our findings identify a non-invasive modality capable of imaging the host anti-tumor immune response against intracranial tumors.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.