This paper discusses response surface methods for approximation model building and multidisciplinary design optimization. The response surface methods discussed are central composite designs, Bayesian methods and Doptimal designs. An over-determined D-optimal design is applied to a configuration design and optimization study of a wing-body, launch vehicle. Results suggest that over determined Doptimal designs may provide an efficient approach for approximation model building and for multidisciplinary design optimization.
Structural configuration analysis of two advanced aircraft concepts with distributed hybridelectric propulsion is presented. These concepts are characterized by multiple wing-mounted electric propulsors, which are powered by turbo-generators. Based on lessons learned from previous structural analysis of unconventional concepts, high-fidelity finite element models of the aircraft wing with embedded electric propulsors are developed. Although a hybrid-electric propulsion system has noise and emission benefits, it also adds electrical power system weights. Hence, efficient structural integration of the wing and propulsors is investigated for design improvement, structural analysis, and weight reduction. Wing structural weights of the two designs are compared with a baseline conventional trans port aircraft wing for benefit assessment. In one design, the wing structural weight reduction partially compensates for the additional weight associated with the distributed electric propulsion system.
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