The effectiveness of memory training on the subjective memory functioning and mental health of older adults was examined in a meta-analysis. Effect sizes indicated that memory training led to improved subjective memory functioning (d+2 = .19), but the magnitude of the improvement was less than that obtained on objective memory measures (d+2 = .66) in the meta-analysis of P. Verhaeghen, A. Marcoen, and L. Goossens (1992). However, no differences in effectiveness were found among mnemonic training, expectancy modification, or placebo procedures such as unstructured practice. Improvement of subjective memory functioning was enhanced by including pretraining in skills such as the use of imagery and by including interventions to improve participants' attitudes toward the effects of aging on memory functioning.

Although there are numerous self-help books for depression, relatively few have been empirically tested. However, those that have been used in clinical trials have fared well, with an average effect size roughly equivalent to the average effect size obtained in psychotherapy studies. Computer-based treatments are being developed and appear promising as an alternative to bibliotherapy for those interested in self-administered treatments. This article provides a summary of the depression bibliotherapy literature and discusses several remaining questions such as effectiveness versus efficacy, practice applications, ethics, and future research.

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The FADS is a reliable and valid instrument and is the first of its kind available to directly address anticipatory dementia among a general population of older adults.

To determine the efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, 38 adults volunteered for a study in which they were randomly assigned to self-examination therapy or to a delayed-treatment group. Analyses indicated that participants in self-examination therapy had significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety than did participants in the delayed-treatment group on the outcome measures of this study, which included ratings by trained clinicians and participants. The reduction in anxiety for people receiving selfexamination therapy was maintained 3 months after treatment ended. The delayed-treatment group also showed significant improvement in anxiety symptoms after receiving selfexamination therapy.