The authors examined the association between psychopathy and identification of facial expressions of emotion. Previous research in this area is scant and has produced contradictory findings (Blair et. al., 2001, 2004; Glass & Newman, 2006; Kosson et al., 2002). One hundred and forty-five male jail inmates, rated using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version participated in a facial affect recognition task. Participants were shown faces containing one of five emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, or shame) displayed at one of two different levels of intensity of expression (100% or 60%). The authors predicted that psychopathy would be associated with decreased affect recognition, particularly for sad and fearful emotional expressions, and decreased recognition of less intense displays of facial affect. Results were largely consistent with expectations in that psychopathy was negatively correlated with overall facial recognition of affect, sad facial affect, and recognition of less intense displays of affect. An unexpected negative correlation with recognition of happy facial affect was also found. These results suggest that psychopathy may be associated with a general deficit in affect recognition.

Residual forefoot adduction and supination deformities with functional problems and difficulty with shoe wear may occur during the course of management of the congenital clubfoot. Between 1975 and 1988, 55 patients with 71 feet who had residual dynamic clubfoot deformity underwent anterior tibial tendon transfer. There were 42 full anterior tibial tendon transfers (FTs) and 29 split anterior tibial tendon transfers (STs). The average age of the patient at the time of the procedure was 6 years. The age at surgery for FT was 5.3 years compared with 7.1 years in ST. The clinical appearance of the feet improved in both groups, according to Garceau's criteria. The range-of-motion improvement was noted in dorsiflexion and eversion. There was an increase of eversion strength of both groups by 1.5 grades. The radiographic improvement was noted in both forefoot adduction and supination. Although the FT group had a little better statistical data than did the ST group, the ST group had better preservation of inversion function.

In the early afternoonofMay 16, 1998, Admiral Jeremy M. Boorda left his office at the Pentagon and headed for his home at the Washington Navy Yard. Once there, he pulled out a .38-caliber pistol, placed the muzzle against his chest, and pulled the trigger, in effect ending what had been, by all accounts, an exemplary life and distinguished careerwith the United States Navy. Adm. Boorda's suicide came just hours before he was to be questioned by Newsweek magazine about the legitimacy of two of his many military medals: two bronze 'V' pins, awarded fbr valor in combat. Adm. Boorda's suicide stunned his family and friends and sent shock waves through the U.S. Navy. Why had he committed suicide? In one suicide note, officials said, "he wrote about how he cared about the core values d the Navy -honor, courage, and commitment -and about how he would be viewed," suggesting that one possible reason behind Adm. Boorda's suicide was an overwhelming sense of shame at having brought disgrace and dishonor upon himself and the U.S. Navy, which he loved so much. Is it possible that this strong, dedicated and battle-hardened Navy Admiral was shamed to death? Can feelings of shame lead to suicide?The connection between shame and suicide can be seen as farback as twelfth century Japanese society (Pinguet, 1993). The act of seppuku (also referred to as harakiri), meaning incision of the abdomen, was a highly ritualized, traditional form of suicide among samurai warriors faced with great shame and/or a loss of face.Negative affectivestates have often been cited as prominent factors among people considering suicide. Early research in suicidology focused on sociological influences and resulted in a typology that emphasized an individual's degree of social integration as the main etiological factor in suicide (Durkheim, 1966). More

This study of 550 jail inmates (379 male and 171 female) held on felony charges examines the reliability and validity of the Test of Self Conscious Affect –Socially Deviant Version (TOSCA-SD; Hanson & Tangney, 1996) as a measure of offenders’ proneness to shame and proneness to guilt. Discriminant validity (e.g., vis-à-vis self-esteem, negative affect, social desirability/impression management) and convergent validity (e.g., vis-à-vis correlations with empathy, externalization of blame, anger, psychological symptoms, and substance use problems) was supported, paralleling results from community samples. Further, proneness to shame and guilt were differentially related to widely used risk measures from the field of criminal justice (e.g., criminal history, psychopathy, violence risk, antisocial personality). Guilt-proneness appears to be a protective factor, whereas there was no evidence that shame-proneness serves an inhibitory function. Subsequent analyses indicate these findings generalize quite well across gender and race. Implications for intervention and sentencing practices are discussed.