Dapagliflozin in combination with insulin was estimated to be a cost-effective treatment option for patients with T2DM whose insulin treatment regimen does not provide adequate glycaemic control in a Dutch healthcare setting.

*On behalf of the German KIMS investigators; †On behalf of the Dutch KIMS investigators; ‡On behalf of the Swedish KIMS investigators.(Correspondence should be addressed to B Saller; EndoScience Endokrinologie Service GmbH, Thalkirchner Str. 1, 80337 Munich, Germany; Email: saller@endoscience.de) AbstractObjective: This study set out to determine the change in quality of life (QoL) and healthcare utilization during 2 years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adults with GH deficiency. Data were compared from three European countries. Design: Analysis was made from KIMS, the Pfizer International Metabolic Database on adult GH deficiency. Methods: QoL and healthcare utilization were measured at baseline and after 1 and 2 years of GH replacement in patient cohorts from Sweden (n Z302), The Netherlands (n Z103) and Germany (n Z98). QoL was assessed by the QoL-Assessment in Growth Hormone Deficient Adults (QoL-AGHDA) questionnaire, and the KIMS Patient Life Situation Form was used to evaluate healthcare utilization. Results: QoL improved significantly (P ! 0.0001) and comparably in all three cohorts. The improvement was seen during the first year of treatment and QoL remained improved during the second year. The number of days in hospital was reduced by 83% (P ! 0.0001) during GH replacement. There were no country-specific differences either at baseline or during follow-up. The same was true for the number of days of sick leave (reduction of 63%; P Z 0.0004). Significant reductions were recorded in the number of doctor visits in each of the three cohorts after 2 years of GH replacement (P ! 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides a detailed comparative analysis of GH replacement therapy in GHD patients in three European countries. Despite some differences in treatment strategies, the beneficial effects on QoL, patient-reported outcomes and healthcare utilization are essentially similar in the healthcare environment of Western European countries.European Journal of Endocrinology 154 843-850

Transferability of a model-based UK-study in three steps proved to be an efficient method to provide an early indication of the cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab and has led to the provisional reimbursement of the treatment.

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Although differences in real-world and trial population were found, using real-world data as well as results from long-term trial follow-up showed favourable ICERs for rituximab maintenance. Nevertheless, results showed that caution is required with data synthesis, interpretation and generalisability of results. As different scenarios provide answers to different questions, we recommend healthcare decision-makers to recognise the importance of calculating several cost-effectiveness scenarios.