Background and Objectives: Intestinal microbiota is involved in the development and maintenance of immune homeosta- sis. This study was conducted to investigate the levels of key immunoregulatory bacteria in the intestinal wall-associated microflora and its effect on the transcriptional activity of the Foxp3 and RORyt genes in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of rats with Salmonella-induced inflammation, both untreated and treated with vancomycin and Bacteroides fragilis. Materials and Methods: To determine the levels of immunoregulatory bacteria in GALT of rats Q-PCR was used to identify them by species-specific 16S rDNA genes. Transcriptional activity of Foxp3 and RORyt genes was determined using Q-PCR with reverse transcription.
Results: In animals treated with both vancomycin and Salmonella, the levels of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in- creased while Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased. In rats that received pretreatment with vancomycin and then were infected with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, the levels of SFB increased, and the number of Bacteroides-Prevotela group, A. muciniphila, Clostridium spp. clusters XIV, IV, and F. prausnitzii significantly decreased, decreasing Foxp3 and increasing Rorγt mRNA expression. Administration of B. fragilis to animals treated with S. Enteriti- dis or S. Typhimurium and pre-treated with vancomycin caused a decrease in SFB and Rorγt mRNA levels and conversely, increased the numbers of the Bacteroides-Prevotela group, Clostridium spp. clusters XIV, IV, A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii and Foxp3 gene expression in GALT.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the commensal microorganism B. fragilis may provide a protective role against the development of experimental colitis, which has to be taken into consideration for further clarification of the effective thera- peutic strategy of inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and necrotising colitis.
Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is among the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disorders of the lung airways, and it has become clear that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors plays a critical role in its pathogenesis.
Objective: The correlation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and other factors with risk for bronchial asthma development was assessed.
Materials and Methods: Online literature search was conducted to identify the most relevant studies.
Results and Discussion: The ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism, correlating with cellular and circulating ACE concentration, may play a critical role in BA pathogenesis and has been a focus of numerous epidemiologic studies; however, the results are currently inconclusive. The contradictions in the literature between research groups on the role of ACE alleles and genotypes can be explained by genetic variation and multifactorial causes of BA.
Conclusion: This literature review demonstrates that the ACE I/D polymorphism might be related to the risk of bronchial asthma and can become a useful tool in designing effective treatment approaches.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 492-501
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