Background/Aim. Modern conceptualising of parenting in relation to manifesting adolescence externalising problems is based on parent-child two-way communication, mutual trust and parental involvement. A lot of research reports prove independent contribution of parental variables on expressing externalising problems in middle and late adolescence while data about their mutual relationship are missing. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships of parental variables and variables of externalising problems in a common space. Methods. The study included 507 students, both boys and girls, of Belgrade secondary schools, aged from fifteen to eighteen. Parental monitoring was studied using the Parental Monitoring Scale, affective attachment to parents by the Inventory of Parents and Peers Attachment, parenting practices using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and externalising problems by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, Youth Self-Report. Results. Factor analysis indicated the existence of 4 factors (components) which together accounted for 65.5% of variance. The first factor (positive parenting and affective attachment to mother) accounted for 38.1%, the second (externalising problems and negative parenting) accounted for 11.26%, the third (affective attachment to father) accounted for 8.93% and the fourth (negative discipline and inadequate affective attachment to mother) accounted for 7.22% of variance. The most important discovery arised from matrix correlation was a negative correlation of the second component with the first (-0.539) and the third (-0.481) one. Conclusion. A positive relationship between parents and adolescents except for a positive parenting practices of parents characterize all the subscales of parental monitoring except for the parental control. Compared to fathers, mothers are generally more involved in life of adolescents and have better mutual relationship with them, but in relation to externalising problems the affective attachment to fathers proved to be very significant even independently of their parenting role.
One of the central questions within our modern social system is the reaction to the problems of developmental and behavioural disorders found in young people (children and youth) and their conflict with the law. This refers to the immediate actions aimed not only to change and amend their behaviour, but also on how to potentially harmonise their social environment. The association of behavioural disorders with significant difficulties in social functioning of young people and their frequent contact with other developmental disabilities and mental disorders, makes these activities more accepted, and from their point of view their success is significantly lower. On the other hand, it is evident there is a lack of serious scientific papers aimed at the promotion and development of programs tailored to the needs of this treatment, in many ways heterogeneous population of young people. Confusion among experts is increasingly apparent regarding the dilemma of how to help children and young people with multiple problems, whose families are not competent enough to take care of them, and at the same time ensure a safe environment for members of the local community. One of the possible solutions that one study has produced was a number of programs for children with multiple problems, especially intensive programs resulting in the treatment and institutionalisation of young delinquents. In question are the attempts to resolve the increasingly visible problem of treatment for the not criminally responsible children of young people with multiple behavioural disorders for which a classic institutional and non-institutional treatment has not yielded expected results. The main objective of our work is to stimulate interest in scientific circles for the proper positioning of the treatment of this population in our social system of social reaction to the developmental problems of children and youth.
Apstrakt: Prvobitna istraživanja u oblasti maloletničke delinkvencije i kriminala ukazala su na značajnu povezanost između problema u školovanju i maloletničke delinkvencije. Veliki broj delinkvenata imao višestruke probleme tokom školovanja ili nije pohađao nastavu. Istraživanja sprovedena u ustanovama za institucionalni tretman maloletnih delinkvenata ukazuju na postojanje specifičnosti u toku procesa obrazovanja i to na dva nivoa. Prvi nivo odnosi se na karakteristike njihovog obrazovnog profila, izražene kroz obrazovni nivo, obrazovne aspiracije i specifične probleme u učenju. Drugi se odnosi na njihov obrazovni status, odnosno uključenost ili neuključenost u obrazovni proces. Cilj ovog rada je sagledavanje specifičnih karakteristika i problema u toku školovanja maloletnih delinkvenata. Analiza podataka izvršena je korišćenjem multivarijantne analize varijanse, korelacione analize, kao i analizom pravosudne statistike o registrovanom kriminalitetu maloletnika u Republici Srbiji u periodu od 2012-2019. godine. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je kod maloletnih delinkvenata jasno izraženo zaostajanje u procesu osnovnog obrazovanja, tzv. obrazovni deficit, da su njihove obrazovne aspiracije i motivacija na nižem nivou, kao i da imaju niz specifičnih obrazovnih problema u odnosu da nedelinkventne vršnjake. Dalje, oko 40% maloletnika (od 38,8% 2012. do 41,6% 2019.) u trenutku izvršenja krivičnog dela i oko 41,5% (od 47,3% 2012. do 35,5% 2019. godine) maloletnika u trenutku izricanja presude nije bilo uključeno u obrazovni sistem ili te informacije nisu bile poznate. Takođe, uočava se da iako broj maloletnika kojima je izrečena krivična sankcija, posebno u tri poslednje posmatrane godine (2017, 2018 i 2019.) opada, istovremeno se beleži porast broja maloletnika koji su van obrazovnog procesa. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja, nameće se zaključak da bi trebalo uložiti napor svih aktera od interesa (od škole, preko porodice, do pravosuđa) kako ne bi došlo do prekida školovanja odnosno isključivanja maloletnika iz obrazovnog sistema.
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