As gestational age advances, there is an increase in tongue perimeter and length, in the percentage of collagen fibers, and in vascular perimeter, demonstrating that tongue formation is directly related to tongue growth and development.
Cirrhotic patients presented a higher percentage of fibrosis and lipidosis, and may represent a group susceptible to the accelerated progression of cardiovascular diseases. Investigative studies contribute to targeting health-promoting interventions, reducing the mortality and costs of treating cardiovascular disease.
Background
To verify the distribution of the degree of fat deposits and percentage of collagen and elastic fibers in the intimal and medial layers of the aorta of elderly patients autopsied, with and without Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Methods
Twenty-six fragments of the aorta from elderly patients autopsied in the period from 1982 to 2014, were collected and, divided into two groups, being 13 with AIDS and 13 without AIDS. The intensity of the atherosclerosis was macroscopically evaluated in a semi-quantitative way. To quantify the elastic and collagen fibers, it was used the Leica Qwin Plus® software.
Results
In the comparison of the macroscopic intensity of atherosclerosis, the AIDS group (t = 0.6969, p = 0.4992). Regarding elastic fibers, there was a significant increase in the AIDS group (U = 115,800; p < 0.0001). Comparing the groups, there was a significant increase of the collagen fibers in the aortic layers in the AIDS group (U = 114,100; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
The infection by the HIV influence in the amount of fibers in the extracellular matrix and the intensity of lipid deposit, demonstrating that it may be a risk factor to be considered for the development of atherosclerosis.
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Background:
Chronic infection by HIV evolves with a vascular inflammatory action causing endothelial dysfunction.
The action of the virus as well as the side effects of antiretroviral drugs contributes to the progression of cardiovascular
diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the percentage of collagen fibers and the density of mast cells, chymase
and tryptase, in aortas of patients with and without HIV, and also patients with and without atherosclerosis.
Methods:
Aortic fragments were obtained from autopsied patients aged 22-69 years, selected regardless of cause of death or
underlying disease. The samples were divided into four groups, (1) Group with HIV and with atherosclerosis; (2) Group
with HIV and without atherosclerosis; (3) Group without HIV and with atherosclerosis; (4) Group without HIV and without
atherosclerosis (Control). The percentage of collagen fibers was analyzed in the intima-media layer and the density of mast
cells were analyzed in all aortic layers. Graphpad Prism 5.0® software was used for statistical analysis.
Results:
There were more collagen fibers in HIV patients, with or without atherosclerosis. The group with HIV and atherosclerosis
presented a higher density of chymase and tryptase mast cells. The correlation between collagen fibers and age was
negative in the non-HIV group and with atherosclerosis.
Conclusion:
The inflammatory process resulting from HIV infection may be relevant in the alteration of aortic collagen fibers
and in triggering or accelerating atherosclerosis. The study is important because HIV patients have increased risks for
the development of cardiovascular diseases, and follow-up is necessary to prevent such diseases.
Fundamento: A aterosclerose, em alguns casos, é uma condição assintomática, sendo necessário conhecer o grau de comprometimento arterial provocado pelas placas e sua associação com os fatores de risco. O exame de autópsia permite a compreensão dos processos básicos de doenças, assim como a avaliação e fornecimento de dados sobre a característica macroscópica do acometimento aterosclerótico. Objetivo: Avaliar macroscopicamente e padronizar o acometimento aterosclerótico das artérias aorta, carótidas e ilíacas e comparar com a idade, o sexo e a causa de morte. Métodos: Foram coletados 53 artérias aorta, 53 artérias carótida direita, 53 artérias carótida esquerda, 53 artérias ilíaca direita e 53 artérias ilíaca esquerda. Para essa avaliação, foi considerada a extensão de estrias lipídicas, de placas ateromatosas, de fibrose e de calcificação, as quais serviram de referência para pontuar a intensidade do acometimento aterosclerótico. Foram observados vários graus da aterosclerose e valores acurados para a classificação discreta, moderada e acentuada. Para a análise estatística, os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software GraphPad Prism ® 7.0. As diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas quando "p" foi menor que 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: As artérias carótidas apresentaram maior acometimento aterosclerótico em comparação às outras artérias avaliadas (K=15,73, p=0,0004). A ocorrência da aterosclerose se mostrou progressiva e significativa com o decorrer da idade (carótidas:
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