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Background Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common voiding problem in pediatric populations. Relatively, few studies have investigated the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and NE associations in children, which may open up a new research area on the effect of vitamin D as nutritional therapy in the treatment of NE. The aim of this study was to determine the level of 25-hydroxyl vitamin D among children and adolescents with nocturnal enuresis in comparison to non-enuretic Egyptian children. Results Fifty children (24 females, 26 males) who presented with primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and 50 healthy children (23 females, 27 males) were recruited in this study. A structured questionnaire focusing on demographic, socioeconomic, and frequency of bed-wetting were collected, and vitamin D serum levels were assessed in all children. In the NE group, the mean value of serum vitamin D levels was lower than the control (19.0 ± 6.5 versus 23.89 ± 4.19; P < 0.0001). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were abnormal (< 20 ng/mL) in 46% of children with NE and 16% of controls (P < 0.001). The higher bed-wetting frequencies were associated with lower levels of 25(OH) D (Every night: 7.0 ± 1.4, 3–5 time/week: 11.2 ± 1.7, 1–3 times/week: 17.6 ± 3.7, < 2times/week: 22.4 ± 2.9, Once/6 month: 24.1 ± 4.3 (ng/ml), P < 0.001). Conclusion A difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was found between the two study groups. There is a need for more studies to explain vitamin D deficiency in larger series so that this test can be used in regular enuretic child investigations.

Background Obesity is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world. Increased appetite is one of the main causes of obesity. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lactoferrin on weight loss and appetite in obese school age children. Subjects & Methods This was a double arm prospective clinical trial which done on 50 obese children with an age range of 6-12 years. The children were recruited from Pediatric Nutrition Clinic of Ain Shams University. The children were equally divided into two groups; one group received 200 mg of oral lactoferrin for 12 weeks in addition to diet regimen and exercise. The other group did not receive lactoferrin but was only on exercise and diet regimen. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietetic history and appetite assessment using Child Eating Behavioral Questionnaire (CEBQ) were done for both groups before and after intervention. Results The results of our study revealed decrease in anthropometric measurements, serum leptin and Child Eating Behavioral Questionnaire (CEBQ) after lactoferrin supplementation. However, our study revealed only statistical significant decrease in CEBQ score after lactoferrin supplementation. Conclusion Despite decreasing weight, lactoferrin intake had no impact on weight loss when compared to patients who did not take lactoferrin. Lactoferrin intake decreased appetite in school aged obese children.

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