Water-related diseases are closely linked with drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, socioeconomic status, education level, or dwelling's conditions. Developing countries exhibit a particular vulnerability to these diseases, especially rural areas and urban slums. This study assessed socioeconomic features, WASH indicators, and water-related diseases in two rural areas of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Most of this population did not finish basic education (72.3%, = 159). Only one of the communities had a water supply (aqueduct), whereas the other received water via an adapted tanker ship. No respondents reported sewage services; 92.7% ( = 204) had garbage service. Reported cases of diarrhea were associated with low education levels ( = 2.37 × 10) and an unimproved drinking water supply ( = 0.035). At least one fever episode was reported in 20% ( = 44) of dwellings, but the cases were not related to any indicator. The House index (percentage of houses that tested positive for larvae and/or pupae) was 69%, the container index (percentage of water-holding containers positive for larvae or pupae) 29.4%, and the Breteau index (number of positive containers per 100 houses in a specific location) was three positive containers per 100 inspected houses. The presence of positive containers was associated with the absence of a drinking water supply ( = 0.04). The community with poorer health indicators showed greater health vulnerability conditions for acquisition of water-related diseases. In summary, water supply and educational level were the main factors associated with the presence of water-related diseases in both communities.

Background: Caveolin 1 gene (CAV1) has been associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hypertension in humans. Also, it has been related to high serum triglycerides in rodents, however there is little evidence of this relation in humans. Aim: To describe frequencies of common variations in CAV1 in adults with high serum triglycerides.Methods: A case-control study was carried out with adults from Colombian Caribbean Coast. A whole blood sample was employed to measure serum concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol and HDLc. Six common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in CAV1 were genotyped (rs926198, rs3779512, rs10270569, rs11773845, rs7804372 and rs1049337). Allelic and genotypic frequencies were determined by direct count and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was assessed. Case and control groups were compared with null-hypothesis tests.Results: A total of 220 cases and 220 controls were included. For rs3779512 an excess in homozygotes frequency was found within case group (40.4% (GG), 41.3% (GT) and 18.1% (TT); Fis=0.13, p=0.03). Another homozygotes excess among case group was found in rs7804372 (59.5% (TT), 32.3% (TA) and 8.2% (AA); Fis= 0.12, p= 0.04). In rs1049337, cases also showed an excess in homozygotes frequency (52.7% (CC), 35.0% (CT) and 12.3% (TT); Fis= 0.16, p= 0.01). Finally, for rs1049337 there were differences in genotype distribution between case and control groups (p <0.05).Conclusion: An increased frequency of homozygote genotypes was found in subjects with high serum triglycerides. These findings suggest that minor alleles for SNPs rs3779512, rs7804372 and rs1049337 might be associated to higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia.

No abstract

ADIPOR1 was consistently associated with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. This association was maintained even after adjusting for genetic stratification. There were no significant associations involving ADIPOR2.

BackgroundThere is a large burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States (US). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diet quality with lung function, airway restriction, and spirometrically defined COPD in a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsAdults (19–70 years of age) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 cycles were included (N=10 428). Diet quality was determined using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). Pre-bronchodilator measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC were described. Calibrated lower limit of normal (LLN) estimates were derived to determine prevalence of airway restriction (FVC<LLN) and COPD (FEV1/FVC Ratio<LLN). Population-weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of AHEI-2010 and respiratory outcomes.ResultsThe average AHEI was 45.3 (±12.2), equivalent to meeting 41% of the daily recommendations for optimal diet quality. Those in the highest quartile of AHEI had better FEV1 (adjusted [a]β:47.92, 95% CI 2.27, 93.57) and FVC (aβ: 80.23, 95% CI 34.03, 126.42; p-value interaction (*) of AHEI and smoking >0.05) compared to those in quartile 1. Higher AHEI was also associated with lower odds of airway restriction (OR: 0.23, 95% CI 0.08, 0.67; p-value AHEI*ethnicity >0.05).ConclusionsDiet quality was independently associated with better FEV1, FVC, and with lower odds of spirometric restriction. These findings highlight the need for research to further elucidate the possible beneficial role of diet in the preservation of lung function.