This paper presents a brief analysis of most known problem solving theoretical models realized using epistemological categories such as observer position, object of study, methods and procedures, and descriptive or explicative scope. The review showed linear and cyclical models, the need to recognize method´s limitations to generalizing, the relevance of expliciting observer position, and a diffuse delimitation of the object "problem solving" as a cognitive process. An integrative and molar theoretical model of problem solving as a dependent variable is proposed whose variations go with critical cognitive processes (information processing, comprehension, reasoning, cognitive styles, and attitudes). Its molar feature refers to that it integrates basic and high order processes in a general cognitive activity; this proposal has to be extensively tested.Key words: Problem solving, theory, cognitive, processes. RESUMENEste escrito presenta un breve análisis de los modelos teóricos más conocidos de solución de problemas, realizado con categorías epistemológicas como posición del observador, objeto de estudio, métodos y procedimientos, alcance descriptivo o explicativo. La revisión mostró modelos cíclicos y lineales, la necesidad de reconocer las limitaciones para generalizar, la relevancia de explicitar la posición del observador y una delimitación difusa del objeto de estudio solución de problemas como proceso cognoscitivo. Se propone un modelo teórico de solución de problemas integrador y molar como variable dependiente cuyas variaciones dependen de procesos cognoscitivos críticos (procesamiento de información, comprensión, razonamiento, estilos cognitivos y actitudes). El carácter molar se refiere a que integra procesos básicos y superiores en una actividad cognitiva general; esta propuesta debe evaluarse extensivamente.Palabras clave: Teorías, solución de problemas, cognoscitivo, procesos.Artículo recibido/Article
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