RESUMENObjetivos: Conocer qué situaciones les resultan más estresantes a los alumnos de enfermería durante las prácticas clínicas, por curso y de forma global, así como la asociación de los factores causantes de estrés, con determinadas variables sociodemográficas y laborales. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional, realizado a 215 estudiantes de Enfermería matriculados durante el curso 2009-2010 en la Universidad de Murcia, utilizando como instrumento de medición una modificación del cuestionario KEZKAK, que mide factores causantes de estrés en las prácticas clínicas de alumnos de enfermería. Este cuestionario presenta un alto nivel de validez y fiabilidad y fue adaptado a las características de la muestra, previo pretest a un grupo control. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados estadísticamente con el programa SPSS 18.0, valorando las asociaciones con un grado de significación de p<0,05. Resultados: Los/as estudiantes presentan niveles de estrés altos durante sus prácticas clínicas, siendo los más afectados los estudiantes de segundo. Los estresores que más les afectan son los relacionados con desconocimiento, impotencia e incertidumbre ante una situación clínica. Además se ha comprobado que los factores sociodemográficos están asociados a los niveles de estrés. Conclusiones: Las mujeres presentan más estrés que los hombres, relacionado con situaciones emocionales. En los hombres el estrés se asocia más a desconocimiento ante situaciones clínicas no controladas. La edad, estado civil, experiencia previa en trabajos de ámbito sanitario y trabajo compaginado con el estudio influye en los niveles de estrés. Para mejorar estos niveles de estrés de los/as estudiantes se recomienda el desarrollo de programas de prevención.Palabras clave: Estrés, estudiantes de enfermería, prácticas clínicas. ABSTRACT Objectives:To determine what situations the nursing students find most stressful during clinical practice, globally and per course, as well as the association of stressors, with certain sociodemographic and occupational variables. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative and correlational study carried out at 215 nursing students who were registered during the 2009-2010 academic year at the University of Murcia, using as a measuring tool a modification of the questionnaire KEZKAK, which measures stress factors in nursing students during clinical practices. This questionnaire has a high level of validity and reliability and was adapted to the characteristics of the sample, prior a control group pretest. Data collected were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0, valuing associations with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The students have high levels of stress during clinical practices; the most affected are the ones attending the second academic year. The stressors that affect them most are related to ignorance, helplessness and uncertainty about a clinical situation. It was also found that sociodemographic factors are associated with stress levels. Conclusions: Women repor...
The study aimed to characterize a sample of depressive patients who attend to Community Mental Health Centres (COSAM) in Santiago, regarding their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the associations among these variables. Method: 88 patients treated at 5 different COSAM in Santiago were assessed with self-report questionnaires regarding sociodemographic variables, severity of depressive symptoms (BDI), general and social functioning (OQ-45) and health-related quality of life . Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed to describe sociodemographic and clinical features of the participants, and to address the associations between depressive symptomatology, general functioning and quality of life. Results: Participants were mostly women, with chronic and severe depressive symptoms and high frequency of comorbid physical illnesses, they presented reduced quality of life and impairments in general and social functioning. Female gender and a history of physical illness were significant predictors of the severity of depressive symptoms. The latter, in turn, showed moderate to high correlations with the different dimensions of general functioning and quality of life, especially with lack of vitality, impact of health and emotional problems in social life, work and daily activities and, the perception of an impaired mental health. Conclusion: Depressive disorders in patients treated at COSAM are highly limiting and are associated with low quality artículo de investigación Recibido: 27/08/2016 Aceptado: 16/03/2017 Fuentes de apoyo financiero (Subsidio de investigación): FONDECYT, CONICYT. Proyecto Postdoctorado # 3140317. Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad IS130005. Ninguna de estas fuentes de apoyo financiero tuvo influencia en diseño del estudio, ni en la recolección, análisis o interpretación de los datos, ni en la preparación, revisión o aprobación del manuscrito.
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