Research Highlights: Tree size and wood characteristics influenced the susceptibility of five Amazonian timber tree species to heartwood decay and colonization by termites. Termites occurred in the heartwoods of 43% of the trees, with Coptotermes testaceus the most abundant species. Background and Objectives: Hollows and rotten cores in the stems of living trees have ecological and economic impacts in forests managed for timber. The decision on whether to cut or maintain hollow trees in such forests must account for the susceptibility of different tree species to decay. We investigated tree and wood characteristics of living trees of five commercial timber species in the eastern Amazon that influenced the likelihood of heartwood decay and the occurrence of termite nests inside the rotten cores. Materials and Methods: We used Pearson’s correlations and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore relationships among tree basal area and hollow area. We used principal components analysis (PCA) to analyze the variation of wood anatomical traits, followed by a linear regression to explore the relationships between PCA scores, and heartwood hollow area. We used a logistic model to investigate if the probability the occurrence of colonies of C. testaceus inside tree cores varied with tree and species characteristics. Results: Heartwood hollow areas increased with stem basal area. Larger hollows were more likely to occur in species with higher vessel and ray densities, and smaller diameter vessels. Termites occurred in the hollows of 43% of the trees sampled, with C. testaceus the most common (76%). The probability of encountering termite nests of C. testaceus varied among tree species and was positively related to wood density. Conclusions: This study shows that given the increased likelihood of stem hollows and rotten cores in large trees, tree selection criteria in managed tropical forests should include maximum cutting sizes that vary with the susceptibility of different tree species to stem decay.
The application of data mining (DM) in healthcare is increasing. Healthcare organizations generate and collect large voluminous and heterogeneous information daily and DM helps to uncover some interesting patterns, which leads to the manual tasks elimination, easy data extraction directly from records, to save lives, to reduce the cost of medical services and to enable early detection of diseases. These patterns can help healthcare specialists to make forecasts, put diagnoses, and set treatments for patients in health facilities. This work overviews DM methods and main issues. Three case studies illustrate DM in healthcare applications: (i) In-Vitro Fertilization; (ii) Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR); and (iii) Organ transplantation.
farelo de soja, a 25 e 30ºC. O melhor desenvolvimento de P. ostreatus ocorreu em meio malte-ágar 3% a 25ºC. A suplementação de farelo de soja na serragem de S. amara favorece o crescimento micelial.Termos para indexação: cogumelos comestíveis, cogumelo hiratake, crescimento micelial, serragem.
Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus in Simarouba amara sawdustAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess the mycelial growth of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivated in sawdust of Simarouba amara. Evaluations were made for the effect of temperatures 22, 25, 27, 30 and 35ºC on the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus in 3% malt-agar and SDA-MA (infusion of S. amara sawdust, enriched with soybean meal-dextrose-agar) media; and the mycelial growth in cultivation substrate of S. amara sawdust, with and without supplementation of soybean meal, at 25 and 30ºC. The best development of P. ostreatus was in 3% malt-agar medium at 25ºC. Soybean meal supplementation on S. amara sawdust promoted mycelial growth.
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