Early consumption of alcohol may increase the odds of having periodontitis 20 years later. There is a need for further studies including larger populations to investigate both alcohol consumption measured at different points in time, and long-term alcohol consumption and periodontitis progression over time.

Objectives:The objective of the study was to investigate the mediated proportion of smoking and alcohol consumption in the association between education and tooth loss. Further, the objective was, on the additive scale, to decompose the total effect of education on tooth loss into the direct effect of education, the natural indirect effect through smoking and alcohol consumption (differential exposure) and the mediated interaction between education, smoking and alcohol consumption on tooth loss (differential susceptibility). Methods:The study was based on data from the Social Inequality in Cancer Cohort (SIC); a cohort constructed by seven pooled cohorts. The total study population comprised of 34 975 participants. With the use of natural effects models, we regarded smoking and alcohol consumption as intermediates; we investigated the role of smoking and alcohol consumption in mediating the effect of education on tooth loss. Results:In total, 4924 participants had tooth loss defined as <15 teeth present. The results of the analyses, on the additive scale, showed 1202 (95% CI: 623-1781) additional persons with tooth loss per 10 000 persons among low compared to highly educated men. Among women, the analyses showed 1159 (95% CI: 959-1359) additional persons with tooth loss per 10 000 persons. The results, on the relative scale, showed that 11% (95% CI: 8%-15%) of the social inequality in tooth loss was

This study revealed significant heterogeneity in the understanding and use of the term AgP in original research and poor documentation of the identification of cases. The direction and magnitude of the influence of misclassification and selection bias are unknown, but ought to be considered by the critical reader, professionals and patients using this term.

The type of assignments performed by Danish dental hygienists today appears to be changing compared to previous studies. From initially performing prophylaxis and chair-side assistance for the dentist, Danish dental hygienists today are performing a wider range of tasks which includes dentists' tasks.

Background Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) interferes with a person’s reproductive autonomy and can be classified into behaviours that are pregnancy promoting or pregnancy preventing (including coerced abortion). However, prevalence data are lacking, and little is known about whether particular forms of RCA are more or less common. The aims of our study were to explore how frequently people seeking pregnancy counselling reported RCA, the proportions reporting the different forms of RCA, and whether there were different trends based on a range of demographic factors. Methods Data were collected from 5107 clients seeking counselling support for their pregnancy between January 2018 and December 2020 from two leading providers of pregnancy counselling and sexual and reproductive health services in Australia, Marie Stopes Australia and Children by Choice. Counsellors identified and recorded the presence of RCA and whether the behaviour was pregnancy promoting and/or pregnancy preventing. Demographic factors included age, and whether the person identified as being from a migrant or refugee community or as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person. Results RCA was identified in 15.4% of clients, with similar proportions disclosing RCA towards pregnancy (6%) and towards pregnancy prevention or abortion (7.5%), and 1.9% experiencing RCA towards pregnancy and abortion concurrently. There were no differences based on age or whether the person identified as being from a migrant or refugee background, though people who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander experienced RCA that was significantly more likely to be pregnancy promoting. Conclusions RCA is commonly disclosed by people seeking support in a pregnancy counselling context, and coercion and abuse is equally likely to be towards pregnancy promotion or pregnancy prevention/abortion. Given the prevalence and negative impacts of RCA, regardless of age and background, we recommend sensitive and culturally respectful enquiry around experiences of RCA be embedded in healthcare, health education, and health research.