Efficient selection of semiconducting SWCNTs of large diameter range (0.8-1.6 nm) on demand is demonstrated. Different diameters of SWCNT are systematically selected by tuning the alkyl side-chain lengths of the wrapping polymers of similar backbone. The exceptional quality and high concentration of the SWCNTs is validated by the outstanding optical properties and the highly performing random network ambipolar field-effect transistors.

ARTIGO 1 ARTIGO 1 CARACTERISTICAS GERAIS DA ENFERMAGEM: O PERFIL SÓCIO DEMOGRÁFICOO artigo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos sócio demográficos dos profissionais de enfermagem, que congregam entre enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos, mais de um milhão e oitocentos mil trabalhadores, constituindo 50% da Força de Trabalho (FT) que atua no setor saúde. É um estudo transversal cuja população alvo é constituída por todos os enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem do Brasil, que possuem registro ativo no Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (Cofen). O estudo tem representatividade nacional, sendo capaz de gerar resultados para cada unidade da federação. Os dados apontam para algumas tendências importantes, tais como: crescimento da participação dos enfermeiros na equipe de trabalhadores; rejuvenescimento da FT, desequilíbrio entre oferta e demanda; concentração nos grandes centros urbanos, especialmente no Sudeste. Os dados da pesquisa permitem subsidiar a construção de políticas públicas adequadas com a realidade desse imenso contingente de trabalhadores, fundamentais para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Descritores: perfil da enfermagem, perfil sócio demográfico, equipe de enfermagem.Analyze the socio-demographic aspects of nursing professionals, connecting between nurses, assistants and technicians, which has more than one million eight hundred thousand workers, constituting 50% Workforce (FT) which operates in the healthcare system. It is a cross-sectional study whose target population consists of all nurses, technicians and nursing assistants from Brazil, which have active registration with the Federal Nursing Council (Cofen). The study has a national presence, being able to generate results for each state. The data point to some important trends; process of masculinization, with the increasing growth of men; rejuvenation FT, imbalance between supply and demand; concentration in large urban centers, especially in the Southeast. The survey data may subsidize the construction of public policies adequate to the reality of the huge number of workers, essential for the National Health System. Descriptors: profile of nursing, social demographic profile, the nursing staff -El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos socio-demográficas de los profesionales de enfermería, de conexión entre enfermeras, asistentes y técnicos, que tiene más de un millón ochocientos mil trabajadores, que constituyen el 50% Fuerza de Trabajo (FT) que opera en el sistema de la salud. Las enfermeras, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de Brasil, que tienen el registro activo con el Consejo Federal de Enfermería (Cofen). El estudio tiene una presencia nacional, siendo capaz de generar resultados para cada estado. Tendencias importantes, como el crecimiento de la participación de las enfermeras en el personal; Franco proceso de masculinización, con el aumento del crecimiento de los hombres; rejuvenecimiento FT, el desequilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda; concentración en los grandes centros urbanos, sobre todo en el sureste. Los dat...

Abstract. Understanding secondary successional processes in Amazonian terrestrial ecosystems is becoming increasingly important as continued deforestation expands the area that has become secondary forest, or at least has been through a recent phase of secondary forest growth. Most Amazonian soils are highly weathered and relatively nutrient poor, but the role of nutrients as a factor determining successional processes is unclear. Soils testing and chronosequence studies have yielded equivocal results regarding the possible role of nutrient limitation. The objective of this paper is to report the first two years' results of a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization experiment in a 6-yr-old secondary forest growing on an abandoned cattle pasture on a clayey Oxisol. Growth of remnant grasses responded significantly to the N ϩ P treatment, whereas tree biomass increased significantly following N-only and N ϩ P treatments. The plants took up about 10% of the 50 kg P/ha of the first year's application, and recovery in soil fractions could account for the rest. The trees took up about 20% of the 100 kg N/ha of the first year's application. No changes in soil inorganic N, soil microbial biomass N, or litter decomposition rates have been observed so far, but soil faunal abundances increased in fertilized plots relative to the control in the second year of the study. A pulse of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions was measured in the N-treated plots only shortly after the second year's application. Net N mineralization and net nitrification assays demonstrated strong immobilization potential, indicating that much of the N was probably retained in the large soil organic-N pool. Although P availability is low in these soils and may partially limit biomass growth, the most striking result of this study so far is the significant response of tree growth to N fertilization. Repeated fire and other losses of N from degraded pastures may render tree growth N limited in some young Amazonian forests. Changes in species composition and monitoring of long-term effects on biomass accumulation will be addressed as this experiment is continued.

We report on the photophysical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) suspensions in toluene solutions of poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl](PFO). Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in the near-infrared and visible spectral regions are used to study the interaction of the dispersed SWNTs with the wrapped polymer. Molecular dynamics simulations of the PFO-SWNT hybrids in toluene were carried out to evaluate the energetics of different wrapping geometries. The simulated fluorescence spectra in the visible region were obtained by the quantum chemical ZINDO-CI method, using a sampling of structures obtained from the dynamics trajectories. The tested schemes consider polymer chains aligned along the nanotube axis, where chirality has a minimal effect, or forming helical structures, where a preference for high chiral angles is evidenced. Moreover, toluene affects the polymer structure favoring the helical conformation. Simulations show that the most stable hybrid system is the PFO-wrapped (8,6) nanotube, in agreement with the experimentally observed selectivity.

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos gerais da formação profissional dos trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem. É um estudo transversal cuja população alvo é constituída por todos os enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem do Brasil, que possuem registro ativo no Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN). Os resultados enfatizam que a formação é realizada principalmente no setor privado e no Sudeste. Mostram ainda, que a maioria concluiu a graduação há menos de 10 anos e em horário parcial. Constata que 1/3 fez o curso de técnico e/ou auxiliar em enfermagem e em sua maioria exerceu a função. Já a formação dos técnicos e auxiliares é realizada pela iniciativa privada e em cursos noturnos, mais de 1/3 tem ou está realizando graduação e, desses 11,5% já concluíram e a maior parte demonstra interesse em continuar os estudos na própria área. As políticas públicas existentes não têm sido efetivas no sentido de desconcentrar o aparelho formador e o financiamento, bem como reverter o quadro de desequilíbrio entre oferta e demanda de profissionais. Os dados da pesquisa permitem subsidiar a construção de políticas públicas adequadas com a realidade desse imenso contingente de trabalhadores, fundamentais para o Sistema Único de Saúde.Descritores: Perfil da enfermagem, formação profissional, equipe de enfermagem.The article aims to analyze the general aspects of their training. It is a cross-sectional study whose target population consists of all nurses, technicians and nursing assistants from Brazil, which have active registration with the Federal Nursing Council (COFEN).The results emphasize that the training is carried out mainly in the private sector and in the Southeast. Still show that the majority concluded graduation less than 10 years and part-time. It notes further that 1/3 made the technical course and / or auxiliary nursing and mostly served the function. Already the training of technicians and assistants are held by the private sector and evening courses. Realize the data that more than one third have or are conducting graduate and, of these 11.5% have completed and most shows interest in continuing their studies in their own area. Still show the existing public policies have not been effective in order to decentralize the trainer device and financing, as well as reverse the imbalance between supply and demand picture professionals. The survey data may subsidize the construction of public policies adequate to the reality of the huge number of workers, fundamental for the National Health Sistem.Descriptors: Profile of nursing, vocational training, the nursing staff.El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos generales de su formación. Se trata de un estudio transversal cuya población objetivo consta de todas las enfermeras, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de Brasil, que tienen el registro activo con el Consejo Federal de Enfermería (COFEN).Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la formación se lleva a cabo principalmente en el sector privado y en el sureste. Aún muestran que la mayoría llegó a la conclusión de graduación inferior a 10 años y de tiempo parcial. Señala además que 1/3 hicieron el curso técnico y / o auxiliar de enfermería y en su mayoría se sirve la función.Ya la formación de los técnicos y auxiliares están en manos de los cursos del sector privado y de la tarde. Darse cuenta de los datos que más de un tercio han o están llevando a cabo de posgrado y, de éstos el 11,5% ha completado y la mayoría de los espectáculos de interés en continuar sus estudios en su propia área. Aún muestran las políticas públicas actuales no han sido eficaces, a fin de descentralizar el dispositivo de entrenador y la financiación, así como revertir el desequilibrio entre los profesionales de la oferta y la demanda de imagen. Los datos de la encuesta pueden subsidiar la construcción de políticas públicas adecuadas a la realidad de la gran cantidad de trabajadores, fundamental para el Sistema Único de Salud...Descriptores: El perfil de la enfermería, la formación profesional, el personal de enfermería.

Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons control locomotion and emotion and are affected in multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). The homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3 is pivotal in mdDA neuron development and loss of Pitx3 results in programming deficits in a rostrolateral subpopulation of mdDA neurons destined to form the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), reminiscent of the specific cell loss observed in PD. We show here that in adult mice in which the gene encoding a second homeoprotein, engrailed 1 (En1), has been deleted, dramatic loss of mdDA neurons and striatal innervation defects were observed, partially reminiscent of defects observed in Pitx3-/- mice. We then continue to reveal developmental crosstalk between En1 and Pitx3 through genome-wide expression analysis. During development, both En1 and Pitx3 are required to induce expression of mdDA genes in the rostrolateral subset destined to form the SNc. By contrast, Pitx3 and En1 reciprocally regulate a separate gene cluster, which includes Cck, demarcating a caudal mdDA subset in wild-type embryos. Whereas En1 is crucial for induction of this caudal phenotype, Pitx3 antagonizes it rostrolaterally. The combinatorial action of En1 and Pitx3 is potentially realized through at least three levels of molecular interaction: (1) influencing each other’s expression level, (2) releasing histone deacetylase-mediated repression of Nurr1 target genes and (3) modulating En1 activity through Pitx3-driven activation of En1 modulatory proteins. These findings show how two crucial mediators of mdDA neuronal development, En1 and Pitx3, interact in dopaminergic subset specification, the importance of which is exemplified by the specific vulnerability of the SNc found in PD.

N-doped graphene can be used as a substrate for different molecules to effectively enhance their Raman scattering signal.

The Amazon region reports the highest incidence of snakebite envenomings in Brazil. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of snakebites in the state of Amazonas and to investigate factors associated with disease severity and lethality. We used a nested case-control study, in order to identify factors associated with snakebite severity and mortality using official Brazilian reporting systems, from 2007 to 2012. Patients evolving to severity or death were considered cases and those with non-severe bites were included in the control group. During the study period, 9,191 snakebites were recorded, resulting in an incidence rate of 52.8 cases per 100,000 person/years. Snakebites mostly occurred in males (79.0%) and in rural areas (70.2%). The most affected age group was between 16 and 45 years old (54.6%). Fifty five percent of the snakebites were related to work activities. Age ≤15 years [OR=1.26 (95% CI=1.03-1.52); (p=0.018)], age ≥65 years [OR=1.53 (95% CI=1.09-2.13); (p=0.012)], work related bites [OR=1.39 (95% CI=1.17-1.63); (p<0.001)] and time to medical assistance >6 hours [OR=1.73 (95% CI=1.45-2.07); (p<0.001)] were independently associated with the risk of severity. Age ≥65 years [OR=3.19 (95% CI=1.40-7.25); (p=0.006)] and time to medical assistance >6 hours [OR=2.01 (95% CI=1.15-3.50); (p=0.013)] were independently associated with the risk of death. Snakebites represent an occupational health problem for rural populations in the Brazilian Amazon with a wide distribution. These results highlight the need for public health strategies aiming to reduce occupational injuries. Most cases of severe disease occurred in the extremes of age, in those with delays in medical attention and those caused by Micrurus bites. These features of victims of snakebite demand adequate management according to well-defined protocols, including prompt referral to tertiary centres when necessary, as well as an effective response from surveillance systems and policy makers for these vulnerable groups.