The low prevalence of erythromelalgia, classified as an orphan disease, poses diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The aim of this review is to be an update of the specialized bibliography. Erythromelalgia is an infrequent episodic acrosyndrome affecting mainly both lower limbs symmetrically with the classic triad of erythema, warmth and burning pain. Primary erythromelalgia is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder, while secondary is associated with myeloproliferative diseases, among others. In its etiopathogenesis, there are neural and vascular abnormalities that can be combined. The diagnosis is based on exhaustive clinical history and physical examination. Complications are due to changes in the skin barrier function, ischemia and compromise of cutaneous nerves. Because of the complexity of its pathogenesis, erythromelalgia should always be included in the differential diagnosis of conditions that cause chronic pain and/or peripheral edema. The prevention of crisis is based on a strict control of triggers and promotion of preventive measures. Since there is no specific and effective treatment, control should focus on the underlying disease. However, there are numerous topical and systemic therapies that patients can benefit from.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory, non-organ specific disease with an important morbimortality affecting several organs and systems. Oxidative stress is a well documented mechanism of red blood cells (RBC) mechanical impairment. Free radicals could produced, through lipid peroxidation, physical and chemical alterations in the cellular membrane properties modifying its composition, packing and lipid distribution on the membrane erythrocyte.The aim of the present work is to study the lipid peroxidation in the RBC membrane in SLE patients (n = 42) affecting so far the lipid membrane fluidity and erythrocyte deformability in comparison with healthy controls (n = 52). Malonildialdehyde (MDA) is a subrogate assesing lipidic peroxidation, rigidity index estimating erythrocyte deformability and the anisotropy coefficient estimating lipid membrane fluidity were used.Our results show that MDA values are increased, while erythrocyte deformability and membrane fluidity are significantly decreased in erythrocyte membrane from SLE patients in comparison with normal controls. The association of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with membrane lipid fluidity and erythrocyte deformability confirms that the damage of membrane properties is produced by lipid peroxidation.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory, non-organ specific disease. SLE patients present a high prevalence of thrombotic and arteriosclerotic disease. The aim of the present work was to study the erythrocyte aggregation kinetics, and the effect of plasma factors, namely, immunoglobulin and fibrinogen concentration, as well as cell factors such as deformability and erythrocyte membrane lipid fluidity on the erythrocyte aggregation, in SLE patients and healthy controls. The results show that SLE patients red blood cells aggregate at higher rate and the aggregates size are also greater than controls due to an increase of immunoglobulin and plasma fibrinogen. The negative correlation between aggregation parameters and rigidity index could point out that the altered deformability diminishes the erythrocyte aggregation. Correlation between rigidity index and anisotropy suggests that the decrease of membrane lipid fluidity might be a cause of deformability decrease. The erythrocyte aggregation increase in these patients could induce a decreased flow that might contribute to the thromboembolic process present in SLE patients.

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Introduction: The nail fold video capillaroscopy allows the study of micro vascular abnormalities in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Aim: Report a case of Raynaud's phenomenon, in which images of video capillaroscopy correlate with disease course. Case Report: Patient with Raynaud's phenomenon that after ten years of evolution develops pulmonary hypertension. The progression of micro vascular disease in the nail fold and lip mucosa was studied. Discussion: Scleroderma pattern progresses in successive controls were observed in studies of video capillaroscopy. Pro-angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors may trigger the formation of micro vascular changes during systemic scleroderma. The same can be correlated with lung involvement. Conclusion:Images of video capillaroscopy collaborate with the diagnosis and prognosis in the spectrum of Systemic Scleroderma.