Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several reports highlighted the risk of infection and disease in pregnant women and neonates. To assess the risk of clinical complications in pregnant women and neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2 carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources: Search of the scientific evidence was performed using the engines PubMed and Scopus, including articles published from December 2019 to 15 April 2020. Study eligibility criteria: Only observational studies focused on the assessment of clinical outcomes associated with pregnancy in COVID-19 women were selected. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: The first screening was based on the assessment of titles and abstracts, followed by the evaluation of full-texts. Qualitative variables were summarized with frequencies, whereas quantitative variables with central and variability indicators depending on their parametric distribution. Forest plots were used to describe point estimates and in-between studies variability. Study quality assessment was performed. Results: Thirteen studies were selected. All of them were carried out in China. The mean (SD) age and gestational age of pregnant women were 30.3 (1.5) years and 35.9 (2.9) weeks, respectively. The mean (SD) duration from the first symptoms to the hospital admission and to labour were 5.5 (2.0) and 9.5 (8.7) days, respectively. Patients mainly complained of fever and cough (pooled (95 % CI) proportions were 76.0 % (57.0 %-90.0 %) and 38.0 (28.0 %-47.0 %), respectively). Several antibiotics, antivirals, and corticosteroids were prescribed in different combinations. The pooled prevalence of maternal complications and of caesarean section were 45.0 % (95 % CI: 24.0 %-67.0 %) and 88.0 % (95 %CI: 82.0 %-94.0 %). A proportion of pregnant women less than 20 % were admitted to ICU. The pooled proportion of preterm infants was 23.0 % (95 %CI: 11.0 %-39.0 %). The most frequent neonatal complications were pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome. The pooled percentage of infected neonates was 6.0 % (95 %CI: 2.0 %-12.0 %). Conclusions: The present study suggests a high rate of maternal and neonatal complications in infected individuals. However, the current scientific evidence highlights a low risk of neonatal infection. Multicentre, cohort studies are needed to better elucidate the role of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy.

GnRHa administration is followed by a temporary improvement of pain in patients with incomplete surgical treatment. It seems that it has no role on post-surgical pain when the surgeon is able to completely excise DIE implants.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in reducing recurrent cervical dysplasia. A series of 503 women with cervical dysplasia received LEEP between January 2012 and October 2018. Of these patients, 379 were treated between January 2012 and June 2017, thus ensuring an adequate follow-up time. We made three attempts to establish telephone contact with each patient; 77 women did not respond and were excluded from the final study population, which consisted of 302 patients. One hundred eighty-two (60.7%) women were vaccinated with an HPV vaccine within 4 weeks of LEEP and 103 (34.3%) were followed up with but not vaccinated. Recurrence of cervical dysplasia requiring a further LEEP procedure occurred in 30 (10.5%) women, of whom 17 (16.5%) were not vaccinated and 13 (7.1%) were vaccinated (p-value = 0.010). At univariate analysis, HPV vaccination after LEEP (odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, p-value = 0.020) emerged as an independent protective factor. Choosing as an outcome of the analysis only recurrence as severe cervical lesions, the protective role of HPV vaccination after LEEP was found to be much more relevant with an odds ratio of 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1–0.6, p-value = 0.02). Administration of an HPV vaccine after LEEP seems to reduce the risk of recurrence, thus suggesting that HPV vaccination has a role as an adjuvant treatment after LEEP.

Our results showed that triple therapy with L. acidophili, estriol plus pelvic floor rehabilitation was effective and should be considered as first-line treatment for symptoms of urogenital aging in postmenopausal women.

Long-term psycho-oncological support is strongly recommended. The reduction of ostomies seems the most effective way to improve patients' quality of life.