Performance in hardware has been demonstrated to be an important factor in the evaluation of candidates for cryptographic standards. Up to now, no consensus exists on how such an evaluation should be performed in order to make it fair, transparent, practical, and acceptable for the majority of the cryptographic community. In this paper, we formulate a proposal for a fair and comprehensive evaluation methodology, and apply it to the comparison of hardware performance of 14 Round 2 SHA-3 candidates. The most important aspects of our methodology include the definition of clear performance metrics, the development of a uniform and practical interface, generation of multiple sets of results for several representative FPGA families from two major vendors, and the application of a simple procedure to convert multiple sets of results into a single ranking.

Abstract. This paper introduces our dedicated authenticated encryption scheme ICEPOLE. ICE-POLE is a high-speed hardware-oriented scheme, suitable for high-throughput network nodes or generally any environment where specialized hardware (such as FPGAs or ASICs) can be used to provide high data processing rates. ICEPOLE-128 (the primary ICEPOLE variant) is very fast. On the modern FPGA device Virtex 6, a basic iterative architecture of ICEPOLE reaches 41 Gbits/s, which is over 10 times faster than the equivalent implementation of AES-128-GCM. The throughput-to-area ratio is also substantially better when compared to AES-128-GCM. We have carefully examined the security of the algorithm through a range of cryptanalytic techniques and our findings indicate that ICEPOLE offers high security level.

A fair comparison of functionally equivalent digital system designs targeting FPGAs is a challenging and time consuming task. The results of the comparison depend on the inherent properties of competing algorithms, as well as on selected hardware architectures, implementation techniques, FPGA families, languages and tools. In this paper, we introduce an open-source environment, called ATHENa for fair, comprehensive, automated, and collaborative hardware benchmarking of algorithms belonging to the same class. As our first goal, we select the benchmarking of algorithms belonging to the area of cryptography. Algorithms from this area have been shown to achieve significant speed-ups and security gains compared to software when implemented in FPGAs. The capabilities of our environment are demonstrated using three examples: two different hardware architectures of the current cryptographic hash function standard, SHA-256, and one architecture of a candidate for the new standard, Fugue. All source codes, testbenches, and configuration files necessary to repeat experiments described in this paper are made available through the project web site.

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Abstract. In this paper we present a comprehensive comparison of all Round 3 SHA-3 candidates and the current standard SHA-2 from the point of view of hardware performance in modern FPGAs. Each algorithm is implemented using multiple architectures based on the concepts of folding, unrolling, and pipelining. Trade-offs between speed and area are investigated, and the best architecture from the point of view of the throughput to area ratio is identified. Finally, all algorithms are ranked based on their overall performance, and the characteristic features of each algorithm important from the point of view of its implementation in hardware are identified.