ResumoAs tecnologias empregadas para o processamento mínimo visam à obtenção de produtos frescos, convenientes, com segurança microbiológica e ótima qualidade sensorial. A laranja 'Pêra' é a variedade mais produzida no estado de São Paulo e a mais consumida no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a eficiência de métodos de sanificação e de eliminação do excesso de líquidos para o processamento mínimo de laranja 'Pêra', na forma de tiras. As laranjas foram selecionadas, lavadas e descascadas manualmente usando-se tratamento hidrotérmico (50°C por 8 minutos). Em seguida, foram cortadas em tiras, acondicionadas em sacos de tela de poliamida e submetidas a métodos de sanificação com diferentes aplicações de cloro e de eliminação do excesso de líquidos. Após a realização dos tratamentos, as tiras foram colocadas em bandejas plásticas (PET) e armazenadas a 5°C por 12 dias. A centrifugação por 10 segundos reduziu o acúmulo de líquidos nas bandejas durante o armazenamento refrigerado e manteve a aparência da laranja minimamente processada. A drenagem e a centrifugação aumentaram os níveis de contagem microbiana, mas quando foi usada a sanificação em combinação com esses tratamentos houve redução significativa na microbiota contaminante. Palavras-chave: Citrus sinensis; Pós-Colheita; Centrifugação; Qualidade microbiológica; Avaliação sensorial. SummaryThe technologies used for the minimal processing of fruits and vegetables aim to achieve fresh and convenient produce with microbiological safety and optimal sensory quality. The 'Pêra' orange is the variety most produced in São Paulo State, Brazil, and the most widely consumed in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of sanification and excess liquid removal methods on the minimal processing of 'Pêra' oranges. The oranges were selected, washed, manually peeled using a hydrothermal treatment (50°C for 8 minutes), cut into strips, placed in polyamide bags and then submitted to methods for the sanification with chlorine and removal of excess liquids. After the treatments, the strips were placed in plastic trays (PET) and stored at 5°C for 12 days. Centrifugation for 10 seconds reduced the accumulation of liquids in the tray during cold storage and maintained the appearance of the strips. Both drainage and centrifugation increased the microbial count, but when sanification was used in combination with these treatments there was a significant reduction in microbial contamination.
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Minimal processing of 'Pera' orange: cut type, sanitation, centrifugation and modified atmosphere The process of urbanization and modernization of society requires changes in food habits. Demand for products of higher added value and high quality is increasing. In this scene, the market for fresh cut fruit has great growth potential. The minimal processing of oranges is justified on the difficulty of peeling and the smell left in the hands in this procedure. Studies of orange 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peeling by using hydrothermal treatment were made in ESALQ and showed great potential use of this technique in minimal processing of fruit. The objective was to determine a flowchart for the minimal processing of 'Pêra' orange and the influence of passive modified atmosphere in the product quality in order to obtain a product with high sensory and microbiological quality. Firstly the best type of cutting was determined. The fruits were processed, stored at 5º C for 12 days and assessed for leakage of juice, physicalchemical quality and appearance every three days. The cut in strips was the best acceptance in the analysis of appearance. After determining the type of cut, the influence of sanitation and centrifugation in quality of the product was studied. The sanitation was shown to be necessary to obtain a product with high microbiological quality. Centrifugation for 5 to 10 seconds was effective in reducing the amount of water in the bottom of the trays, without harming the appearance of the final product. Finally packaging technologies were studied and the influence of temperature on the physical-chemical quality, microbiological, sensory and concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethanol in fresh cut 'Pêra' orange. The technology of packaging had little influence on the quality of minimally processed orange. The 'Pêra' orange is usable for the minimal processing, provided it is maintained the cold chain.
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