During theoretical and practical activities in clinical training areas, nursing teachers provide the bases needed for the development of future professionals. The goal is to understand the experience of nursing teachers with nursing students in clinical training areas. Therefore, a phenomenological qualitative method was chosen, and Martin Heidegger's philosophical framework was used to support data analysis. Five faculty from a Chilean university participated in the study. The analysis permitted discovering the following themes: being a faculty at the hospital, contact with nurse practitioners and being a faculty in care teaching.The study demonstrated that teaching/care integration is a constructive element that facilitates the teaching and learning process, aiming to prepare nursing professionals who incorporate the bases of authentic care into their activities. El docente de enfermería en los campos de práctica clínica: un enfoque fenomenológicoEl docente de enfermería en el desarrollo de las actividades teórico-prácticas en los campos de práctica clínica proporciona las bases necesarias para el desarrollo del futuro profesional. El objetivo propuesto es comprender la vivencia de los docentes de enfermería junto a los estudiantes de enfermería, en los campos de práctica clínica. Para ello se optó por una metodología cualitativa fenomenológica, y para fundamentar el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el marco filosófico de Martín Heidegger. Cinco docentes de una universidad de Chile participaron del estudio. El análisis posibilitó descubrir los siguientes temas: ser docente en el hospital, la convivencia con enfermeras clínicas y ser docente en la enseñanza del cuidado. El estudio demostró que la integración docente/asistencial es un elemento constructivo y facilitador del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, que busca la formación de profesionales de enfermería que incorporen en su actuación las bases de un cuidado auténtico.
RESUMEN:La trayectoria de este estudio fue dirigida a comprender la vivencia de ser enfermera clínica interactuando con estudiantes en los campos clínicos de un hospital público ubicado en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se optó por una investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se entrevistaron enfermeras clínicas y en base a sus discursos se identificaron categorías concretas de las experiencias vividas las que fueron interpretadas según el referente filosófico de Martín Heidegger. De las categorías que emergieron de los discursos se destacaron: el se-ahí en la relación con los estudiantes y el sentimiento de ser modelo para ellos, los que fueron presentados con la intención de estimular reflexiones acerca de la importante participación de este profesional (las enfermeras) en la formación de los futuros profesionales de enfermería y de la fenomenologia como base para la entrega de un cuidado comprensivo. DESCRIPTORES:Educación en enfermería. Fenomenologia. Enfermería. THE EXPERIENCE OF CLINICAL NURSES WITH NURSING STUDENTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSISABSTRACT: This study's trajectory was directed at understanding the living experience of clinical nurses who work with nursing students while they develop their clinical internship at a public hospital, in Santiago, Chile. A qualitative investigation was carried out using a phenomenological approach. Clinical nurses were interviewed and based on their discourses and concrete real experiences, twou experience categories were identified and interpreted according to Martin Heidegger's philosophical reference. From the categories which emerged from their responses, two stand out concerning this article: the being-there in the relationship with students, and the feeling of being a model to students, which will be presented in this study with the objective of encouraging reflection on the importance of these professionals' participation in educating future nursing professionals and phenomenology as a basis for delivering comprehensive care.DESCRIPTORS: Nursing education. Phenomenology. Nursing. A ENFERMERA ASSISTENCIAL E AS RELAÇOES COM ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM: UM ESTUDO FENOMENOLÓGICO RESUMO:A trajetória deste estudo voltou-se para a compreensão da vivência de ser enfermeira assistencial que atua com os estudantes de enfermagem quando estes desenvolvem suas experiências assistenciais nos campos de prática clínica em um Hospital Publico na cidade de Santiago do Chile. Com esta proposta optou-se por realizar a pesquisa segundo a abordagem fenomenológica. Foram entrevistadas enfermeiras assistenciais e de seus discursos identificaram-se categorias concretas do vivido, que foram interpretadas segundo o referencial filosófico de Martín Heidegger. Dentre as categorias que emergiram dos discursos, destacou-se, para este artigo: o ser-ai na relação com os estudantes e, o sentimento de ser modelo para os estudantes, que serão apresentados com o intuito de estimular reflexões sobre a importância da participação das enfermeiras assistenciais na formação de futuros pro...
Portuguese / English: www.scielo.br/reeusp RESUMO A trajetória deste estudo voltou-se para a compreensão da vivência de ser enfermeira assistencial, que atua com os estudantes de enfermagem, quando estes desenvolvem suas experiências assistenciais nos campos de prática clínica. Com esta proposta, se optou por realizar a pesquisa segundo a abordagem fenomenológica. ABSTRACTThis study aimed at understanding the reality of being a clinical nurse who works with nursing students while they develop their care experience in the clinical practice. The research was carried out by means of a phenomenological approach. Nine clinical nurses were interviewed and based on their discourses four categories of concretely experienced events were identified and interpreted according to Martin Heidegger's philosophical reference. Among the categories emerging from those discourses, this article highlights the following: being a nurse with students in their educational process, and the possibility of being with private and public university students. These aspects are presented here in order to encourage reflections on the important participation of clinical nurses in the education of future nursing professionals. KEY WORDSNursing. Education, nursing. Philosophy. RESUMENLa trayectoria de este estudio se dirigió para la comprensión de la vivencia de ser enfermera clínica que actúa con estudiantes en los campos clínicos. Tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia vivida de las enfermeras clínicas al estar con los estudiantes de enfermería en cuanto ellos desarrollan su experiencia clínica en su servicio. Se optó por realizar una investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se entrevistaron nueve enfermeras clínicas y de sus discursos se identificaron cuatro categorías concretas de lo vivido, que fueron interpretadas según el referente filosófico de Martín Heidegger. De las categorías que emergieron de los discursos se destacaron: Siendo enfermera con estudiantes en el proceso de formación y La posibilidad de estar con estudiantes de universidades privadas y universidades tradicionales, que se presentaron en el intento de estimular reflexiones acerca de la importante participación de este profesional en la formación de los futuros profesionales de enfermería. DESCRIPTORESEnfermería. Educación en enfermería. Filosofia.
IntroductionSao Paulo (SP) state has 43 million inhabitants, 645 cities, 251.133 reported AIDS cases and a 0.6%HIV prevalence. In SP 4 in 10 HIV diagnosed individuals’ access care with delay.MethodsConducting state testing campaigns annually is one of its main strategies to expand the offer of testing in the primary care health services especially in medium and small municipalities, besides the offer to pregnant women. The goal is to increasing the proportion of people tested once in life from 39.7% (2004) to 80% in 2017.ResultsApproximately 3 million tests, including HIV and syphilis, were conducted in nine annual testing campaigns, of which 60% are HIV tests and 40% syphilis tests since 2014. An average of 130,000 HIV tests of the public health sector are billed in monthly. The number of municipalities involved rose from 376 (58%) to 576 (89%) between 2008/2016. Some results are very similar in all campaigns. The proportion of people tested for the first time revolves around 50%, being always highest among males. The proportion of HIV positive identified is also quite stable and is around 0.45%. By introducing rapid testing initially this strategy reached the level of 1.7% of HIV positive cases in 2010, gradually falling until 2016, reaching 0.4%. The campaigns implementation in all nine years included a preparatory phase pacts in areas of management meetings and incorporated strategies for distance education and subsequent on-line monitoring.ConclusionThe HTC have amplified the access to HIV tests due to the expansion of spontaneous demand for testing services in primary care, especially in medium and small towns. Besides, campaigns arrangements are improving greater integration of primary care and STD/AIDS health programs, contributing for reducing the stigma related to AIDS and HIV testing in the population. Other complementary HIV testing strategies focused on vulnerable populations, conducted by health professionals, are easier to implement when already implemented in services routines.
IssueSao Paulo has 43 million inhabitants, 645 cities, 251.133 reported AIDS cases. Despite the HIV low prevalence in our state (0.5%). The HIV rapid diagnostic testing method (RDT HIV) universal implementation is considered a very important strategy to increase access of vulnerable populations to HIV diagnosis together with other focused strategies. The goal was to implement the RDT HIV in at least one health public service in all 645 municipalities. In Brazil, we have the Health Unic System SUS as an universal public health system.DescriptionBetween 2006–2016, around 500 trainers trained approximately 10.000 health professionals. From 2010 to 2016, the STD/AIDS Program Coordination trained 800 facilitators during the decentralisation process. In 2016 586 municipalities implemented RDT HIV besides conventional testing (91%); 60% in primary care units. As proxy of HIV performance, we focus HIV annual campaigns carried out in the state since 2008 considering the majority adherence of municipalities (91% in 2016) and health services. 7000 rapid diagnostic HIV tests in 2008;18 000 in 2009; 35 000 in 2010; 40 000 in 2011; 40 000 in 2012; 1 56 000 in 2013; 2 47 000 in 2014; 2 51 000 in 2015.Lessons learned:Training of professionals through the training of trainers has boosted the implementation of HIV RDT. Monitoring RDT HIV implementation through five macro-regional meetings was fundamental to find out and discuss local obstacles to offer access to HIV testing without having to schedule. Most vulnerable population for HIV continues to seek out ST/AIDS referral services for testing. Primary health care health workers have difficulty delivering positive HIV test results. Performing extra-mural actions is easier when the health unit has already implemented the test in its routine.New stepsPriorities for 2017: Continue the implementation process among all primary health care services. Expand and focus HIV testing In places of concentration and socialisation of more vulnerable groups such as gays and transvestites. Support outreach-testing activities by NGOs.
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