The specific binding of streptavidin to biotinylated protein A was demonstrated using a microwave detection system. In control experiments, the degree of non-specific binding was negligible. The method of detection was used to monitor the adsorption of two other proteins, cytochrome c and glucose oxidase, on to the IDE microwave sensor surface. The response of the sensor was also examined on different substrate materials, with detection of protein binding observed obtained on both smooth, conductive (gold) and on rough, insulating (hydroxyapatite) surfaces.
An interdigitated microwave sensor was used to detect the adsorption of cytochrome c on hydroxyapatite thick films. Changes in the microwave spectral response were indicative of the presence of adsorbed cytochrome c. The sensitivity of the system was also evaluated using different protein loadings on the e films. The results suggest that the microwave sensor can be utilized to detect protein.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main inorganic component of bone and possesses electrical properties. Thick films of HA have shown pressure induced capacitance changes, the dielectric behavior of HA thick films over the GHz range has been investigated. This chapter discusses microwave properties describing different type of microwave resonators. The interaction of proteins and HA over the GHz range will be discussed.
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